Association of greenspace with hypertension in adult: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

ABSTRACT

Background

Several studies have investigated the relationship of greenspace with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but the results were inconsistent. We aimed to assess the relationship of greenspace with BP/hypertension.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science on greenspace and BP/hypertension published before 5 April 2023. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated.

Results

Twenty-seven articles were included. Our results suggested that higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was associated with lower odds of hypertension and levels of SBP [for every 10% increase of NDVI 500-m and NDVI 1000-m, the ORs were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99), the ꞵwas -1.32 (95% CI: -2.18, -0.45) and -1.41 (95% CI: -2.57, -0.25), respectively].

Conclusion

This study indicated that higher exposure to greenspace might be associated with lower levels of BP and risk of hypertension. Increase green spaces should be regarded as an important public health intervention..

KEYWORDS:

• Greenness
• high blood pressure
• meta-analysis
• systematic review

Author contributions

ZLY and YWG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation. YJB, XYZ, and SXS: Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft. HXS and XYZ: Investigation, Data Curation. YJB and XYZ: Resources, Data Curation. YJB and HXS: Writing- Reviewing and Editing.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data are available on request. We permit the sharing of data from this research article. All data published in this article are available on written request to authors.

Ethics statement

Given this is a systematic review of available global evidence, patients who participated in the studies presented were not involved in the review process.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2023.2259817.

Additional information

Funding

This work is supported by Science and technology project of Henan Province (222102310176)