In vivo and in vitro assays using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on Aeromonas hydrophila-infected Clarias gariepinus

ABSTRACT

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using silver (Ag⁺) and plant extracts such as Myrmecodia sp. has high potential as an antibacterial agent. Present research aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial assays of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that 40% AgNPs provided the optimum inhibition index (7.7 ± 0.45 g mm). Meanwhile, Aeromonas hydrophila infected-fish without an AgNPs injection showed significantly reduced of erythrocytes (20.89 ± 0.03 × 10⁶ µL⁻¹), hemoglobin (1.20 ± 0.10 g dL⁻¹), and neutrophils, while the levels of leukocytes (11.73 ± 0.09 × 10³ µL⁻¹), platelets (29.67 ± 2.91 × 10³ µL⁻¹) and lymphocytes were found to be significantly increased. Additionally, the infected-fish that were injected with either AgNPs or Myrmecodia sp. extract showed an improved survival rate compared to the control group. The biogenerated-AgNPs demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, either in vitro or in vivo, and beneficial for use in fish cultivation.

KEYWORDS:

• Nanoparticle
• fish
• blood profiles
• survival
• green synthesize
• Aeromonas hydrophila

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia for financial funding (2021) through National Competitive grant contract number 9/E1/KPT/2021. We also thank the Department of Biology at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia for providing the facilities to perform this project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Research and Technology National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia with grant number National Competitive grant [9/E1/KPT/2021].