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Articles

Homeless immigrants ineligible for social welfare benefits: identification of sub-groups and their characteristics

Wohnungslose Migrant*innen ohne Rechtsanspruch auf sozialstaatliche Leistungen: Identifizierung von Subgruppen und ihrer Merkmale

 

ABSTRACT

Although the number of immigrants stemming from EU countries increased within the last decade, they are widely excluded from social welfare benefits, also from the relevant support systems in case of homelessness. As a result, the daily concerns of homeless immigrants are largely unknown and studies understanding their situation are very scarce. The present study analysed data of homeless immigrants who turned to the only Upper Austrian donation-funded NGO that serves them within a period of one year. In total, 135 different persons visited this NGO and 88 persons agreed that their data can be used for further analyses. The vast majority of these 88 persons were EU citizens (97%), male (65%) and Romanian citizens (64%). They came to this NGO to ask for basic support, followed by support in finding regular work, and the storage of their personal belongings. Subgroup analyses showed that homeless immigrants are a heterogeneous group which need different services in the professional support processes of social work. Based on the empirical findings, this paper gives structured recommendations for social work practice with homeless immigrants.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Obwohl die Zahl der Migrant*innen aus EU-Ländern in Österreich in den letzten zehn Jahren zugenommen hat, sind diese weitestgehend vom Bezug von Sozialleistungen und im Fall von Wohnungslosigkeit sogar vom System der Wohnungslosenhilfe ausgeschlossen. Aufgrund dessen und angesichts der marginalen Datenlage, liegen kaum Befunde über die Lebensbedingungen Betroffener vor. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Daten von wohnungslosen Migrant*innen ausgewertet, die sich innerhalb eines Jahres an die einzige lokale NGO wandten, die sozialarbeiterische Unterstützung für die Zielgruppe anbietet. Insgesamt wendeten sich 135 Personen an diese NGO und 88 Personen stimmten zu, dass ihre Daten für die weitere Analysen verwendet werden dürfen. Die überwiegende Mehrheit dieser 88 Personen waren EU-Bürger (97%), männlich (65%) und rumänische Staatsbürger (64%). Vor allem die Basisversorgung (u.a. mit Essen) und die Unterstützung bei der Suche nach regulärer Beschäftigung stellen die häufigsten Anliegen dar. Subgruppenanalysen zeigten, dass wohnungslose Migrant*innen eine heterogene Zielgruppe darstellt, die eine differenzierte Gestaltung sozialarbeiterischer Unterstützungsprozesse erfordert. Auf Grundlage der vorliegenden empirischen Befunde werden strukturierte Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit mit der Zielgruppe nicht anspruchsberechtigter wohnungsloser Migrant*innen dargelegt.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Austrian NGO who wants to stay anonymous that provided the anonymised dataset of their homeless clients. Many thanks also to Dagmar Strohmeier and Arno Heimgartner for their help with conceptualising this study and their critical comments to preliminary drafts of this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the author. The data are not publicly available due to containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Alexander Huber

Alexander Huber is a PhD candidate in social pedagogy at the University Graz and a social worker. His research centres around homeless people with a special focus on immigrants. In his research, he is particularly interested in structural forms of exclusion of parts of the homeless population in the federal state of Upper Austria and the effects on the living conditions of those affected.

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