Update on bone health: the International Menopause Society White Paper 2021

Abstract

Osteoporosis and associated fractures present a major challenge in improving global health outcomes. Key clinical aspects are the definition of osteoporosis and associated fractures, fracture risk prediction, stratification of risk of fracture, intervention thresholds and the most appropriate intervention based on integration of aforementioned. Correct understanding and application of these concepts are essential to stem the increasing tide of fragility fractures associated with an aging population. The role of muscle strength and function, sarcopenia, and the newly emerging concept of osteosarcopenia in maintaining bone health are discussed in detail.

骨骼健康更新:国际绝经学会2021年白皮书 摘要

骨质疏松症及相关骨折是改善全球健康结果的主要挑战。关键的临床方面是骨质疏松及相关骨折的定义、骨折风险预测、骨折风险分层、干预阈值以及基于上述综合考虑的最适宜的干预措施。正确理解和应用这些概念对于阻止与老龄化人口相关的脆性骨折增加趋势至关重要。本文详细讨论了肌肉力量和功能、肌少症和新出现的骨骼肌减少症在维持骨骼健康中的作用。

Keywords:

• Osteoporosis
• sarcopenia
• fragility fractures
• fracture risk
• intervention thresholds
• osteosarcopenia

Potential conflict of interest

T. J. de Villiers has acted as a speaker or consultant for Abbott, Amgen, Bayer, Cipla Medpro, Eli Lilly and MSD. S. R. Goldstein has no disclosure or conflict of interest to declare.

Source of funding

Nil.