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Special Section II: Latin American Jewish Culture

Vilém Flusser’s Brazilian cities

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ABSTRACT

This essay proposes that the motif of cities has a decisive role in the operation and articulation of Flusser's thinking of exile. Crossing the most diverse moments and types of Flusser's writing, cities appear as a nodule that interlinks and connects it. By focusing particularly on Flusser's texts on Brazilian cities, this study looks at some of the ways in which this crossing occurs to suggest the necessity of reorganizing the whole Flusserian corpus, by reconsidering its phases and movements and by reexamining the assumption that Flusser questions Zweig’s concept of “country of the future”. Then, by analyzing the philosophical treatment of “Grandfather” in Bom Retiro, in São Paulo, and in two undated “urban” poems by Flusser, this paper finally considers the relations between thought, exile, being Jewish, cities, and Brazilian-ness.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 See Vilém Flusser, Carta à Mira Schendel, 09/27/1974. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv 1974, 2.

2 Vilém Flusser, Ser judeu. São Paulo: Annablume, 2014b, 16-7.

3 Vilém Flusser, Bodenlos. eine philosophische Autobiographie. Düsseldorf: Bollmann, 1992. See also Marcio Seligmann-Silva. Para uma filosofia do exílio: A. Rosenfeld e V. Flusser sobre as vantagens de não se ter uma pátria. Revista Eletrônica do NIEJ/UFRJ, 1(3), 2010a, Marcio Seligmann-Silva, Vilém Flusser: filosofia do exílio e leitura de um país chamado Brasil. Tradução em Revista, Volume 9, 01-19, 2010b..

4 Vilém Flusser, O chão que pisamos. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv no date f, 3.

5 Vilém Flusser Pós-historia: vinte instantaneos e um modo de usar. São Paulo: Duas Cidades, 1983a.

6 Vilém Flusser, Bodenlos, 247.

7 Friedrich Nietzsche, Die fröhliche Wissenschaft. In: Kritische Studienausgabe (KSA III) G. Colli und M. Montinari (orgs.): 13rd edition. München: dtv Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, KSA III, [§380].

8 Marcio Seligmann-Silva, Flusser e a cidade como Gesamtkunstwerk (obra de arte total). Galáxia. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Semiótica. n. 39, 2018.

9 Vilém Flusser O universo das imagens técnicas. São Paulo: Annablume, 2008.

10 Barbara Freitag-Rouanet, “A cidade brasileira como espaço cultural”. Tempo Social 12, N. 1, 2000, 34.

11 Barbara Freitag-Rouanet, “A cidade brasileira como espaço cultural”, 37.

12 Barbara Freitag-Rouanet, “A cidade brasileira como espaço cultural”, 34.

13 José Miguel Wisnik. Veneno remédio – O futebol e o Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2013, 177.

14 “Darum bedeutet das Experiment Brasilien mit seiner völligen und bewussten Negierung aller Farb – und Rassenunterschiede durch seinen sichtbaren Erfolg den vielleicht wichtigsten Beitrag zur Erledigung eines Wahns, der mehr Unfrieden und Unheil über unsere Welt gebracht hat als jeder andere” Stefan Zweig, Brasilien : ein Land der Zukunft. Stockholm: Bermann-Fischer, 1941, 11. The theme returns, always in the same key, in several points of the text, the most curious of them in the section in which he analyzes the slums (favelas), the translation to Portuguese in quotation marks, and the Penitentiary of São Paulo (Carandiru), the same one of the massacre occurred in October 2nd, 1992. He firstly mentions these Rio de Janeiro’s “picturesque areas packed with black, as wavering nests of birds on the hillside”, to affirm that “the Brazilian is oblivious to everything that is violent, brutality and sadism, even in the most imperceptible traits” Stefan Zweig, Brasilien, 101-104. Then he returns to the slums as one of the main things he analyzes in the section “some things that may have disappeared tomorrow”. In it we may find his exoticizing Rousseanism, that also marks Flusser’s Phenomenology of the Brazilian as a common place of the text (see about Rousseanism: Marcio Seligmann-Silva, Para uma filosofia do exílio, 14).

15 Seligmann-Silva formulates the same idea, in other terms. See: Marcio Seligmann-Silva, Vilém Flusser, 15.

16 See Leandro Demori and Michel Gherman. “Bolsonaro está dando ao Brasil um novo passado” [Interview in Brazilian Portuguese]. 26 March, 2021. See also Roberto Zular, O núcleo pivotante da voz. Cadernos de tradução. Florianópolis, v. 39, 372-402, 2019.

17 Pedro de Niemeyer Cesarino. A voz falível – ensaio sobre as formações ameríndias de mundos. Literatura e Sociedade, No 19 (19), p. 76-99, 2015.

18 Svetlana Boym. The future of nostalgia. New York: Basic Books, 2001.

19 Vilém Flusser, Da Cinelândia.

20 Vilém Flusser, Existencial thought in Brazil, result of a conference in the USA in 1969a. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, no date.

21 Vilém Flusser, Barroco mineiro visto de Praga. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, no date a.

22 Vilém Flusser, Três níveis da consciência brasileira. Vilém Flusser, Brasil-Grande e humanismo. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, 1987.

23 Vilém Flusser, Brazilian Liberty. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, no date b.

24 Vilém Flusser, Brazilian Liberty, 1.

25 In fact, the German version of the “raw” manuscript (“Rohmanuskript”) was only returned to his widow, Edith Flusser, more than 20 years later, in 1993. She allowed the first posthumous publication in 1994. See: Vilém Flusser, Brasilien oder die Suche nach dem neuen Menschen: Für eine Phänomenologie der Unterentwicklung. Mannheim: Bollmann Verlag GmbH, 1994a., 324. It would be worth reflecting on the refusals that the text received from being published at the time (early 1970s), for not adapting to the Freiburger Verlag Editorial Program, as well as the subsequent interest, even if critical, that the text began to have in the context of Latin American, Jewish and Brazilian studies, growing since the turn of the century.

26 See Roberto Zular, O núcleo pivotante da voz.

27 José Miguel Wisnik. Veneno remédio, 213.

28 José Miguel Wisnik. Veneno remédio, 176-7.

29 Stefan Zweig, Brasilien, 6.

30 Vilém Flusser, Brasilien oder die Suche nach dem neuen Menschen, 123. See also Michael Hanke. Engajament und Dégagement: Vilém Flussers Verhältnis zu Brasilien im Kontext seiner Suche nach einer neuen Kultur. In: KLENGEL, S. & SIEVER, H. (orgs.), Das Dritte Ufer. Vilém Flusser und Brasilien. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2009, 178.

31 Vilém Flusser, Brazilian Liberty.

32 Michael Hanke. Engajament und Dégagement, 179.

33 Vilém Flusser, Brasilien oder die Suche nach dem neuen Menschen, 244.

34 See Heike Muranyi. Brasilien als insularer Raum. Literarische Bewegungsfiguren im 19. Und 20. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Walter Frey, 2013. It is not a question of seeing a clear distinction of these two phases, but rather a continuity of writing mechanisms and devices, only intensified and, in part, resignified here.

35 Vilém Flusser, Bodenlos, 255-9.

36 Walter Benjamin. Infância em Berlim. In: Obras Escolhidas II. Translation by Sergio Paulo Rouanet. 7a ed. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1987, 72 // Gesammelte Werke I / II. Frankfurt: Zweitausendseins, 2011, 7.

37 Jean-Luc Nancy. A comunidade inoperada. Rio de Janeiro: 7 letras, 2016, 117.

38 Fabio Roberto Lucas. O poético e o político: últimas palavras de Paul Valéry. Thesis (Ph.D. in Literary Theory and Comparative Literature) – Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018, 2018, 14.

39 Vilém Flusser, Vampyroteuthis infernalis. São Paulo: Annablume, 2011.

40 Vilém Flusser, Comunicologia: reflexões sobre o futuro. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2014a.

41 see Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari. Kafka: por uma literatura menor. Translation by Cíntia Vieira da Silva. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica editora, 2014, 14-6.

42 Vilém Flusser, Praga, a cidade de Kafka. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, 1961, 1.

43 Vilém Flusser, Praga, a cidade de Kafka, 2-4.

44 Vilém Flusser, Da religiosidade. A literatura e o senso de realidade. São Paulo: Scriptures, 2002, 82.

45 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas). Translation: Gabriel S. Philipson. São Paulo: Magma 23, N. 13, 2016, 281-2. “Great Brazil is a value of that megalomaniac tradition that distinguishes a central aspect of the moderns. (The adjective ‘great’ arouses in German readers certain memories for sure).”

46 Vilém Flusser, Brasil-Grande e humanismo, 1-3.

47 Vilém Flusser, Brasil-Grande e humanismo, 4.

48 Vilém Flusser, Die Stadt der Erstinkende. Vilém Flusser Archiv, no date p.

49 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 289.

50 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 291.

51 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 289.

52 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 290-1.

53 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 291.

54 Vilém Flusser, São Paulo vista de cima. Vilém Flusser Archiv no date m, 3.

55 Vilém Flusser, São Paulo vista de cima, 4.

56 Vilém Flusser, São Paulo vista de cima, 4.

57 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 291.

58 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 284.

59 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 291.

60 Jean-Luc Nancy. A comunidade inoperada, 142.

61 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 291.

62 Vilém Flusser, Três níveis da consciência brasileira, 7.

63 Vilém Flusser, Três níveis da consciência brasileira, 7.

64 Vilém Flusser, Três níveis da consciência brasileira, 7.

65 Vilém Flusser, Cidades Brasileiras (selecionadas), 279.

66 Vilém Flusser, Filosofia em São Paulo. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv no date e, 1.

67 Vilém Flusser, Rumo ao novo homem. Berlin: Vilém Flusser Archiv, 1969b, 2. For a first approach and a dialogue between Flusser and Marcuse, see Clemens Van Loyen. Vilém Flusser in Brasilien. Eine Anthropophagie des Geistes. Würzburg: Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, 2018, 289-296, and 300-1.

68 Svetlana Boym. The future of nostalgia, 50.

69 Svetlana Boym. The future of nostalgia, 53.

70 See Jacques Rancière. La mésentente: Politique et philosophie. Paris: GALILEE, 2007. Also Roberto Zular. Ficção como variação de contexto. In Ficcionalidade. Uma prática cultural e seus contextos. Helmut Galle, Juliana Perez etc. (org.), 377-398. São Paulo: FFLCH – USP/Fapesp, 2018.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Gabriel Salvi Philipson

Gabriel Salvi Philipson Ph.D. candidate in Literary Theory at Unicamp, with a bi-national supervision at Freie Universität Berlin. FAPESP (2017/27004-7) and DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) Scholarships. [email protected]

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