https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2904-7809
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ABSTRACT
A cell’s ability to store energy, and produce power is limited by its capacity fading with age. This paper presents the findings on the performance characteristics of prismatic Lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cells under different ambient temperature conditions, discharge rates, and depth of discharge. The accelerated life cycle testing results depicted a linear degradation pattern of up to 300 cycles. Linear extrapolation reveals that at 25°C temperature, an increase in the discharge rate from 0.5 C to 0.8 C reduces the cycle life significantly by 52.9%. On the other hand, at a constant discharge rate, an increase in temperature reduced predicted cycle life in the range of 23.2–41.36%. Lithium-ion cells’ reliability modeling and analysis was carried out using an exponential distribution showing the increasing failure rate with age, with the temperature significantly reducing the expected life of the cells.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the R&D support from Customized Energy Solutions Limited for support in the experimental work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials cited within the text.
| Nomenclature | ||
| Ahi | = | Ampere hour charged |
| Aho | = | Ampere hour discharged |
| Tc | = | Charging time duration |
| Td | = | Discharging time duration |
| Δt | = | time step for discharge/charge |
| ηco | = | Coulombic (Ampere-hour) efficiency |
| DCIR | = | Direct Circuit Internal Resistance |
| LIB | = | Lithium Ion batteries |
| LFP | = | Lithium Iron Phosphate |
| OCV | = | Open Circuit Voltage |
| Ah | = | Ampere hour |
| DoD | = | Depth of Discharge |
| SOC | = | State of Charge |
| VPC | = | Voltage per cell |
| BTS | = | Battery Testing System |
| CTF | = | Cycles-To-Failure |
| MCTF | = | Mean-Cycle-To-Failure |
| CDF | = | Cumulative Distribution Function |
| = | Probability Density Function | |
| Ic | = | Charging Current |
| Id | = | Discharging Current |