Effect on combustion performance and emission behavior of diesel engine fueled with hybrid biodiesel produced from a novel ternary oil mixture incorporated with nano additive

ABSTRACT

Global energy demand has been above 80% fossil fuels for decades, creating a greater and more complicated energy crisis. Biodiesel is a great alternate energy source for future energy demand. Producing biodiesel from a mixture of waste and non-edible oils may be a practical solution to address the growing global need of biodiesel. In this study, hybrid biodiesel is produced from a ternary oil mixture of Waste cooking oil, Ricinus communis oil, and Melia azedarach oil. The hybrid biodiesel blends are prepared by 10% blending (HB10), 20% blending (HB20) and 30% blending (HB30) and 30ppm multiwall carbon nanotube has been added in the blended fuel through sonicating process. At steady 1500rmp and variable load (0–100%), the engine behavior has been examined. The results show that the hybrid biodiesel blend (HB10) with 30ppm MWCNT has shown highest cylinder pressure of 70.9 bar, maximum mean gas temperature 1467.56°C. The engine shows 34.08% rise in net heat release and 9.13% rise in exhaust gas temperature as compare to diesel. The maximum rise in break thermal efficiency of 19.74% and minimum reduction in break specific fuel consumption of 13.79% is noticed in comparison to B00. The highest reduction of HC emission is found as 20.83% for HB20MWCNT30 and 19.34% for HB30MWCNT30 as compare to B00. The inclusion of multiwall carbon nanotube in hybrid biodiesel reduces the HC, CO, NO_x and smoke emission and increases CO₂ emission as compare to respective hybrid biodiesel blend and diesel. The hybrid biodiesel-diesel blend, with multiwall carbon nanotube can be utilized efficiently in diesel engine with improved overall engine behavior.

KEYWORDS:

• Oil mixture
• hybrid biodiesel
• nanoparticle
• diesel engine
• performance
• emission

Abbreviations/Symbols

CI	=	Compression Ignition
DI	=	Direct Injection
FAME	=	Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
ID	=	Inner Diameter
OD	=	Outer Diameter
RSM	=	Response Surface Methodology
PUC	=	Pollution under Control
VCR	=	Variable Compression Ratio
CR	=	Compression Ratio
℃	=	Degree Celsius
UHC	=	Unburned Hydrocarbon
HU	=	Hartridge Unit
CO	=	Carbon Monoxide
MWCNT	=	Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube
BTE	=	Break Thermal Efficiency
BSFC	=	Break Specific Fuel Consumption
EGT	=	Exhaust Gas Temperature
NHR	=	Net Heat Release
XRD	=	X-Ray Diffraction
JCPDS	=	Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards
NDIR	=	Non-Dispersive Infrared
SEM	=	Scanning Electron Microscope
EDS	=	Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
CP	=	Cylinder Pressure
ASTM	=	American Society for Testing and Materials
IS	=	Indian Standard
PSI	=	Pound-Force per Square Inch
RPM	=	Revolution per Minute
B00	=	100% Biodiesel
HB10	=	10% Hybrid Biodiesel + 90% Diesel
HB20	=	20% Hybrid Biodiesel + 80% Diesel
HB30	=	30% Hybrid Biodiesel + 70% Diesel
HB10MWCNT30	=	10% Hybrid Biodiesel + 90% Diesel + 30ppm MWCNT
HB20MWCNT30	=	20% Hybrid Biodiesel + 90% Diesel + 30ppm MWCNT
HB00MWCNT30	=	30% Hybrid Biodiesel + 90% Diesel + 30ppm MWCNT

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to acknowledge Center for Alternative and Renewable Energy (CARE), Mechanical Engineering Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Chemistry Lab, Rajkiya Engineering College Azamgarh Uttar Pradesh and National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India, for the work. The authors would also like to acknowledge MNIT Jaipur and BTRA Mumbai for the test conducted.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

Notes on contributors

Brihaspati Singh

Brihaspati Singh is pursuing PhD in Mechanical Engineering Department at National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India.

Anmesh Kumar Srivastava

Dr. Anmesh Kumar Srivastava is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India. His research areas of interest are I.C. Engines, Alternative Fuels for I.C. Engines, Emissions, Renewable Energy.

Om Prakash

Dr. Om Prakash is currently working as a Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India. His research areas of interest are Bio-fuels, Renewable Energy, Internal combustion engine, Power Plant, Heat and Mass Transfer, Thermal Engineering.