Tribological evaluation of rice bran oil based ionanolubricants containing ionic liquids and nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

Environmental concerns and depleting mineral oil resources have forced us to develop environmentally acceptable lubricants. In this study, tribological properties of rice bran oil containing imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1- ethyl 3methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCN]) (ILa), phosphonium based ionic liquid Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate ([P₆₆₆₁₄][BTMPP]) (ILb) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) as hybrid additives have been investigated using four ball tester. Rice bran oil based ionanolubricants (INLs) were formulated with different concentrations of ILa, ILb and TiO₂ NPs. Among all investigated ionanolubricant samples, rice bran oil containing 0.03 $\mathrm{\varnothing }$ of TiO₂ NPs and 0.5 vol.% of ILa showed the lowest AWSD. The improved characteristics of rice bran oil based INLs can be attributed to the ball bearing effect and tribofilm formation.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Nanoparticles
• ionic liquid
• ionanolubricants
• friction
• lubricant additives
• four ball tester
• rheological
• wear

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).