Evaluation of potential effects and genetic parameters in conformational limb defects in Pura Raza Española horses

Abstract

Morphological limbs defects are the most frequent defects in horses. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence, associated effects and genetic parameters of hock and knee defects in Pura Raza Española horses, using two different approaches. In Approach_1, the hock defects analysed were closed, open, convergent and divergent and the knee defects studied were buck, calf, bench and knock. Defects were classified into 3 levels: 0 no defect, 1 slight defect and 2 serious defects. Approach_2, which used a linear scale, in a pair of opposing defects, divided into 5 levels, from −2 to 2, where 0 corresponded to the absence of defects: Lateral view (closed/open) and rear view (convergent/divergent) hock defect, lateral view (buck/calf) and frontal view (bench/knock) knee defect. A total of 43,358 horses, with an average age of 5.07 years, were evaluated, with a prevalence of horses affected ranging from 3.31% (bench) to 74.12% (convergent). Genetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian procedure with the BLUPF90 software. Heritability in Approach_1, ranged from 0.25 (bench) to 0.42 (divergent) and in Approach_2, from 0.18 (bench/knock) to 0.24 (convergent/divergent). The opposing defects may be related to different genes, and it is therefore better to study them as separate defects and not on the same linear scale. The highest positive genetic correlation was between calf vs knock (0.70). Our results imply that selection against limb defects is possible and would allow us to reduce the genetic risk of the horses’ offspring suffering from them.

Highlights

• There high prevalence of hock and knee defects in PRE horses make the animals unsuitable for sport and cause a significant economic loss to the breeding herds.

• The evaluation of limb defects independently instead of the traditional linear scale, where the opposite defects are located at the extremes, has good results for its genetic evaluation.

• Using the hock and knee defects as a selection criteria in the PRE' s breeding program could contribute to the eradication of major conformation defects which make the animals unsuitable for sport.

Keywords:

• Conformation linear traits
• genetic parameters
• environmental risk factors
• morphological defects
• Pura Raza Española horses

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Real Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos Pura Raza Española (ANCCE) for their cooperation.

Ethical approval

The approval of the work by an ethics committee was not required.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, MRL, upon reasonable request.