Political trauma of Uleebalang descendants over past conflict in the city of Lhokseumawe, Aceh

Abstract

The history of social revolution in Aceh is not concluded with the arrests and killings of the prominent figures of the “rebellion” through the people’s judiciary. In the core of it, there existed the confiscation of property and land, the expulsion of families from the region, the forced marriages of Uleebalang widows, and the stripping of royal titles from their names. This article depicts the reality of their community identity in the city of Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia, aftermath the 1945–1957 Acehnese conflict. Historiographical arguments about the “Cumbok affair” were dominated by elitist views which did not provide equal opportunities for the losing parties in political contestation at the time. This particular study applies an ethnographic method in its research process. Observations, in-depth interviews and document handling were implemented to collect data about the Uleebalang descendants’ decision to avoid politics and to stay aloof in government positions due to past historical trauma. To obtain a more comprehensive data, this study ascertained that the feud between the ulema and the Uleebalangs was caused by a disappointment coming from the ulema when some of the Uleebalangs acknowledged the Dutch sovereignty over Aceh. This prolonged conflict was recently considered one of the social phenomena that escalated a social revolution in Acehnese society. This revolution has caused a social change, where the social status of the Uleebalangs shifted due to the abolishment of the Uleebalangan institution after the bloody incident.

Keywords:

• political trauma
• descendants
• Uleebalang
• crime
• past
• Lhokseumawe, Aceh

PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT

The article delves into the aftermath of the 1945–1957 Acehnese conflict, shedding light on the less-explored aspects of social revolution in Aceh, Indonesia. It focuses on the Uleebalang descendants in Lhokseumawe – despite the tragedy occurring in some other regions in Aceh -, revealing their identity and struggles following the historical trauma inflicted upon them. This research aims to promote a more holistic understanding of Aceh’s history. It highlights the impact of political contestation on the losing parties, offering valuable insights into the reasons behind Uleebalangs’ avoidance of politics and government positions. This study elucidates the complexities of historical events and their lasting effects on communities. Understanding the root causes of conflicts and social revolutions can contribute to reconciliation and sustainable peace-building efforts in conflict-affected regions. It also underscores the importance of equitable historical narratives recognizing the diverse experiences of all involved parties, fostering a more inclusive and informed society.

Acknowledgments

The author would like to convey gratitude to all the parties who have contributed to this article. This article is written based on PNBP research findings in 2022 conducted in the city of Lhokseumawe, Aceh. This research was funded by Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of Universitas Malikussaleh which provided the facilities needed in performing this research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Teuku Kemal Fasya

Teuku Kemal Fasya, an Anthropology lecturer at Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, is a prolific researcher and author with a focus on post-colonial studies, ecological anthropology, and more. With over 800 articles and numerous books, he's a prominent figure in Indonesian media and academia.

Robert Sibarani

Robert Sibarani, a professor in anthropolinguistics, boasts a significant H-Index, being recognized as one of the World's Most Influential Scientists.

Budi Agustono

Budi Agustono, a History Professor at the University of North Sumatra, specializes in Indonesian history and is the Head of the Center for Cultural and Ethnic Studies.

Muryanto Amin

Muryanto Amin, the Chancellor of USU, has a diverse background as a political science lecturer and dean.

Rizki Yunanda

Rizki Yunanda, a Permanent Lecturer at Universitas Malikussaleh, contributes to anthropology and sociology research, notably in Aceh. His involvement in various research projects and published works underscores his commitment to academia.