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ABSTRACT
Growing evidence suggests that metavirome changes could be associated increased risk for malignant cell transformation. Considering Viruses have been proposed as factors for prostate cancer induction. The objective of this study was to examine the composition of the plasma metavirome of patients with prostate cancer. Blood samples were obtained from 49 male patients with primary prostate adenocarcinoma. Thirty blood donors were included as a control group. The obtained next-generation sequencing data were analyzed using a bioinformatic pipeline for virus metagenomics. Viral reads with higher abundance were assembled in contigs and analyzed taxonomically. Viral agents of interest were also confirmed by qPCR. Anelloviruses and the Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) were the most abundant component of plasma metavirome. Clinically important viruses like hepatitis C virus (HCV), cytomegalovirus and human adenovirus type C were also identified. In comparison, the blood donor virome was exclusively composed of torque teno virus types (TTV) types. The performed HPgV-1 and HCV phylogeny revealed that these viruses belong to commonly detected in Brazil genotypes. Our study sheds light on the plasma viral abundance in patients with prostatic cancer. The obtained viral diversity allowed us to separate the patients and controls, probably suggesting that malignant processes may influence virome composition. More complex and multiple approach investigations are necessary to examine the likely causal relationship between metavirome and its nvolvement in prostate cancer.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Mariya Naneva Werner (in-memoriam) for the talks and useful advices. We are also grateful to Sandra Navarro Bresciani for the figures. We thank all patients who donated their samples for the realization of this study.
Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Author contributions
DKZ, KBCAC, EC, MNA, JMN, LAL, RSB, VSZ, GMC, JSTB, VLV designed and performed the experiments. DLZ, MG, MC, LCJA, SCS, MCE, DTC, SK and SNS analyzed the data and wrote the article. DLZ and SNS supervised this work. All the authors agreed on the submission of the final manuscript.
Data availability statement
The assembled viral sequences have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank under the following accession numbers: OM982648, OM982649 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM982648 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM982649).