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Articles

Modeling Toponymic Change: A Multilevel Analysis of Street Renaming in Postsocialist Romania

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Pages 591-609 | Received 19 Jun 2022, Accepted 22 Nov 2023, Published online: 07 Feb 2024
 

Abstract

Political geographers and sociologists working in the field of critical toponymies have demonstrated that renaming the streetscape follows invariably after a regime change. Scholars have barely gone beyond documenting the extent of toponymic change at the level of particular places, however, usually the capital cities of countries from the former socialist bloc and other postdictatorial societies. This article sets out to address toponymic changes at the country level, by examining the complete national street nomenclature in postsocialist urban Romania. For this purpose, a data set comprising the entire collection of urban street names in Romania, together with all the street name changes that occurred during postsocialism, was constructed from multiple sources (N = 37,076). A series of multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to model statistically the effects of various street- and locality-level variables on postsocialist street renaming. The results of these multilevel logistic regression analyses indicate that toponymic revision after the fall of state socialism is shaped by the intersection of street-level properties (e.g., artery class and features regarding the street name itself) and locality-level characteristics (e.g., the historicity of urban status and the ethnopolitics played out at the level of each city and town). The article is the first to analyze the shifting political geography of urban nomenclatures at a national level based on a complete data set of street names. The analytical model advanced in this article, based on postsocialist Romania, could be used to inform similar research on other geographical settings and historical contexts.

批判性地名领域的政治地理学家和社会学家已经证明, 政权更迭之后总是伴随着街景的更名。然而, 学者们仅仅记载了特定地方的地名变化, 常常包括前社会主义集团和其它后独裁社会的首都。本文旨在研究后社会主义罗马尼亚全国城市街道的命名, 来探讨国家层面的地名变化。本文构建了多源数据集, 包括罗马尼亚所有城市的街道名称、后社会主义期间的所有街道名称变化(N = 37,076)。进行了一系列多层逻辑回归分析, 对街道尺度和地方尺度变量影响后社会主义街道更名进行了统计建模。多层逻辑回归分析结果表明, 国家社会主义垮台后的地名修正, 是由街道特性(例如, 与街道名称有关的干线类别和特征)和地方特征(例如, 城市的历史性和城镇的民族政治)共同塑造的。本文首次基于完整的街道名称数据集, 分析了国家尺度城市命名政治地理的变化。本文提出的基于后社会主义罗马尼亚的分析模型, 可用于其它地理环境和历史背景的类似研究。

Los geógrafos políticos y los sociólogos que trabajan en el campo de las toponimias críticas han demostrado invariablemente después del cambio de régimen se cambian los nombres del paisaje de las calles. No obstante, los eruditos a duras penas han ido más allá de establecer la extensión del cambio toponímico al nivel de lugares particulares, usualmente las ciudades capitales de los países que hicieron parte del bloque socialista, y de otras sociedades posdictatoriales. Este artículo se orienta a abocar los cambios toponímicos a nivel de país, examinando la completa nomenclatura nacional de calles en la Rumania urbana postsocialista. Para tal fin, se elaboró un conjunto de datos derivados de múltiples fuentes (N = 37.076), que comprende la colección completa de nombres de calles en la Rumania urbana, junto con todos los cambios de nombre de las calles ocurridos durante la era postsocialista. Se realizó una serie de análisis de regresión logística multinivel para modelar estadísticamente los efectos de diversas variables, a nivel de calle y localidad, sobre el cambio postsocialista de la nomenclatura de calles. Los resultados de estos análisis de regresión logística multinivel indican que la revisión toponímica tras la caída del socialismo de estado está configurada por la intersección de las propiedades a nivel de calle (e.g., la clase de arteria vial y los rasgos propios del nombre de la calle en sí mismos) y las características a nivel de localidad (e.g., la historicidad del estatus urbano y la etnopolítica jugada a nivel de cada ciudad y poblado). El artículo es el primero en analizar la cambiante geografía política de las nomenclaturas urbanas, a un nivel nacional, con base en un conjunto de datos completo de nombres de calles. El modelo analítico que se propone en este artículo, basado en la Rumania postsocialista, podría usarse para informar investigaciones similares sobre otros escenarios geográficos y contextos históricos.

Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to the three reviewers and to the Annals editor, Dr. Kendra Strauss, for their insightful suggestions and critical comments.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a Hasso Plattner Excellence Research Grant (LBUS-HPI-ERG-2020-05), financed by the Knowledge Transfer Center of the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu.

Notes on contributors

Mihai S. Rusu

MIHAI S. RUSU is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Bd-ul Victoriei, Nr. 10, Sibiu, 550024, Romania. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests are focused on exploring the politics of death, memory, and space in the context of postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe.

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