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Articles

Dynamic Relationship between Commuting Time and Job Satisfaction: A Bivariate Latent Change Score Approach

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Pages 808-825 | Received 12 Jun 2023, Accepted 19 Dec 2023, Published online: 15 Mar 2024
 

Abstract

Daily commuting and its impact on job satisfaction have been the focus of numerous studies. Limited research, however, has explored the bidirectional relationship between the two factors, and most studies have relied on cross-sectional designs. This study addresses this research gap by using four waves of panel data from the China Family Panel Studies to examine the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between commuting time and job satisfaction. A bivariate latent change score model is employed to analyze the data. Our findings reveal a bidirectional association between commuting time and job satisfaction. Individuals with high job satisfaction tend to maintain their commute time, whereas those with shorter commutes experience faster growth in job satisfaction. Increases in commute time positively affect employment income but have a negative impact on job satisfaction, suggesting that financial benefits might not fully compensate for the full cost of commuting on work. Moreover, changes in commute time do not significantly influence working hours, indicating that commuting primarily affects work–life balance rather than the actual hours worked. This study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of commuting and job satisfaction, informing evidence-based policy decisions for managing commuting and improving employee satisfaction.

通勤及其对工作满意度的影响一直是很多研究的焦点。然而, 仅有少量研究探索了这两个因素的双向关系, 并且大多采用横断面方法。为了弥补这一研究缺陷, 本文利用“中国家庭面板研究”的四波面板数据, 探讨了通勤时间与工作满意度之间的动态相互关系。数据分析采用双变量潜在变化分数模型。研究结果揭示了通勤时间和工作满意度之间的双向关系。工作满意度高的人往往会限制通勤时间, 而通勤时间较短的人工作满意度增长更快。通勤时间的增加对工作收入有正影响, 但对工作满意度有负影响, 表明了经济收益可能无法完全弥补通勤成本。此外, 通勤时间的变化对工作时间没有显著影响, 这表明通勤主要影响工作与生活的平衡、而非实际工作时间。本研究为通勤和工作满意度的复杂关系提供了有益见解, 有助于通勤管理和提高员工满意度的循证决策。

El desplazamiento cotidiano y su impacto sobre la satisfacción laboral ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios. No obstante, es limitada la investigación que explora la relación bidireccional entre los dos factores, y la mayoría de los estudios se han basado en diseños transversales. El presente estudio aboca esta laguna de investigación usando cuatro olas de datos de panel, de los Estudios de Panel de Familia de China, para examinar la relación dinámica recíproca entre el tiempo del desplazamiento y la satisfacción laboral. Para el análisis de los datos se emplea un modelo de puntaje de cambio latente bivariado. Nuestros hallazgos revelan una asociación bidireccional entre el tiempo de desplazamiento y la satisfacción laboral. Los individuos que registran altos grados de satisfacción laboral tienden a mantener su tiempo de desplazamiento, mientras que quienes tienen desplazamientos más cortos experimentan un crecimiento más acelerado en la satisfacción laboral. Los incrementos en el tiempo de desplazamiento afectan positivamente los ingresos laborales, pero tienen impacto negativo en la satisfacción laboral, lo cual sugiere que los beneficios económicos no podrían compensar a cabalidad el costo total de los desplazamientos al trabajo. Aún más, los cambios en el tiempo del desplazamiento no influyen significativamente en las horas de trabajo, cosa que indica que los desplazamientos afectan primariamente el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y personal más que a las horas realmente trabajadas. Nuestro estudio provee valiosa información sobre la compleja dinámica del desplazamiento y la satisfacción laboral, dándole soporte a las decisiones políticas basadas en evidencia para el manejo del desplazamiento y para mejorar los niveles de satisfacción de los empleados.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The analysis and interpretation and any errors are solely those of the authors.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42171190, 42371199).

Notes on contributors

Guanqiu Liu

GUANQIU LIU is a PhD Student in the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences at Peking University, Peking, China. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include healthy travel behavior and subjective well-being.

Liang Ma

LIANG MA is an Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning in the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences at Peking University, Peking, China. E-mail: [email protected]. His research focuses on the interactions between the built environment, travel behavior, health, and social equity.

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