Abstract
This article examines the development of non-verbal, idiosyncratic empathic interventions in the treatment of self-disordered patients. The works of John Rosen, Heinz Kohut and Robert Langs are presented as contributing key elements to these interventions and a synthesis of these approaches is undertaken. The phenomenological perspective of self-psychology provides the theoretical foundation of this synthesis. Clinical examples are then used to explicate the technical execution and practice implications of such interventions.