New therapeutic perspectives with clevidipine: an ultra-short-acting intravenous Ca²⁺ channel blocker

Abstract

Intravenous antihypertensive agents are used in clinical situations in which the immediate, precise control of blood pressure is a clinical necessity. Clevidipine is a new, vascular-selective, dihyrdopyridine Ca²⁺ channel blocker, which exerts its hemodynamic effects through selective arterial vasodilation without effects on the venous circulation. Because it is a potent coronary vasodilator, reduction in mean arterial pressure does not impair coronary perfusion. The unique properties of clevidipine include an ultra-short pharmacodynamic duration of action and a half-life after intravenous administration of ∼ 2 min, resulting in very rapid onset and offset of antihypertensive effects. In clinical trials performed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, clevidipine proved superior to nitroprusside and nitroglycerin in maintaining blood pressure within predetermined ranges during the perioperative period. Its safety profile is comparable to nicardipine and nitroglycerin and, in one study, was associated with reduced 30-day mortality compared with nitroprusside. Clevidipine constitutes a useful addition to available intravenous agents and could prove particularly valuable in circumstances that require the ability to rapidly terminate the blood pressure-lowering effects of administered agents.

Keywords::

• Ca²⁺ channel blockers
• clevidipine
• hypertensive emergencies
• perioperative hypertension

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