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REVIEW

The Role of HBx Protein in Diseases Beyond the Liver

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 3225-3232 | Received 18 Jan 2023, Accepted 29 Apr 2023, Published online: 23 May 2023
 

Abstract

HBX gene is essential for HBV replication, evading the surveillance of the immune system by integrating its sequence into the human genome. It also exists stably in human cells by inhibiting the expression and activity of mismatch repair-related pathway genes. Previous reviews have comprehensively summarized the role of HBx in liver-related diseases. Our article complements the summary of research on HBx in diseases other than liver disease. Through a comprehensive literature search and reading, we found that HBx is expressed in the kidney, placenta, lung and other organs of HBV-infected patients, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases such as nephritis, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and gastric cancer. However, in the clinical treatment of these diseases, HBV infection and the role of HBx have not attracted sufficient attention, and there is no corresponding treatment strategy. Therefore, more research on HBx in diseases other than the liver is particularly necessary, and we hope that our article can provide some insight into the treatment of related diseases.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

This manuscript has not been published previously and is not currently under consideration by any other journals. All authors declare no competing interests in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project (20YXJ0002(5)) and Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (No. 2021JZ-35).