Decreased Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Count Predicts Poor Treatment Response in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis

Abstract

Purpose

Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts is a pivotal parameter in assessing the host’s immune response during maladies and the equilibrium of the immune system which has been found to correlate with various diseases progression and prognosis. However, there was no study on patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP). We sought to investigate the prognostic value of baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count in PDAP patients.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study analyzed data from 286 PDAP patients over nine years. Episodes were categorized according to the tertiles of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts (Very Low Lymphocyte Count (VLLC) Group, <0.72×10⁶/L; Low Lymphocyte Count (LLC) Group, 0.72–1.11×10⁶/L; Normal Lymphocyte Count (NLC) Group, ≥ 1.11×10⁶/L). Demographic, laboratory, and infection-related variables were analyzed. Cox regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to estimate the association between lymphocyte counts and PDAP treatment failure, which included PD catheter removal and death.

Results

After adjusting for other potential predictors, decreased lymphocyte counts exhibited an incremental relationship with the risk of treatment failure. The VLLC group indicated a 270% (95% CI, 1.168–6.247, P=0.020) and 273% (95% CI, 1.028–7.269, P=0.044) increased venture of treatment failure in Cox regression and GEE analyses, respectively, compared with the NLC group. As a continuous variable, the restricted cubic spline showed a linear negative correlation between lymphocyte counts and the treatment failure risk (P for overall = 0.026). The multivariate model C (combined lymphocyte count with baseline age, sex, dialysis age, Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI), etiology of kidney failure, hemoglobin, albumin, total bilirubin and infection type) showed an area under the curve of 0.824 (95% CI, 0.767–0.881, P=0.001) for the prediction of treatment failure.

Conclusion

Lower lymphocyte counts are linked to increased PDAP treatment failure risk. This highlights lymphocyte count’s potential as a prognostic indicator for PDAP.

Keywords:

• peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
• lymphocyte counts
• prognosis
• treatment failure

Data Sharing Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Ethical Disclosure

This retrospective study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of the Ethics Committee of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital approved this study.

Patient Consent Statement

Informed consent was waived because it was a retrospective study, and the anonymized processing of patient data was conducted.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all our colleagues in the clinical departments and laboratories.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the General Program for Clinical Research at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (LCYJ2021004). The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.