Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Using the Desolvation Method

Abstract

Currently, protein-based nanoparticles are in high demand as drug delivery systems due to their exceptional qualities, including nontoxicity, nonantigenicity, and biodegradability. Other qualities include high nutritional value, abundance of renewable resources, excellent drug binding capacity, greater stability during storage and in vivo, as well as ease of upgrading during manufacture. Examples of protein suitable for this purpose include ovalbumin (OVA) derived from egg white, human serum albumin (HSA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). To create albumin nanoparticles, six different processes have been investigated in depth and are frequently used in drug delivery systems. These included desolvation, thermal gelation, emulsification, NAB technology, self-assembly, and nanospray drying. Several experimental conditions in the synthesis of albumin nanoparticles can affect the physicochemical characterization. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of various experimental conditions capable of affecting the physicochemical characteristics of BSA nanoparticles formed using the desolvation method. By considering the variation in optimal experimental conditions, a delivery system of BSA nanoparticles with the best physicochemical characterization results could be developed.

Keywords:

• bovine serum albumin
• BSA
• desolvation
• experimental conditions
• physicochemical characteristics

Abbreviation

AC, Acetone; AS, Ascorbic acid; BSA, Bovine serum albumin; BSA-NP: Bovine serum albumin-nanoparticles; CO(NH₂)₂: Carbonyl diamide; CA, Citric acid; DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; EE, Encapsulation efficiency; ET, Ethanol; gp60, Glycoprotein 60; GLU, Glucose; GT, Glutaraldehyde; HAS, Human serum albumin; HX, Hexane; ICH, International Council for Harmonisation; IP, Isoelectric point; IP, Isopropanol; kDa, Kilodalton; OVA, Ovalbumin; NAB, Nanoparticle Albumin Bound; nm, Nanometer; pH, Potential of hydrogen; PDI, Polydispersity index; SOR, Sorbitol; SPARC: Secretory cysteine-rich acid protein; SS, Sodium sulphate; TA, Tannic acid; US, United States; UV, Ultraviolet.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to FiNder U CoE.

Disclosure

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this work.