Association of Bedtime with Early-Onset Diabetes and Islet Beta Cell Function in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the association of bedtime with the risk of early-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) and islet beta cell function.

Methods

138 participants with treat-naïve DM were included in this study. All participants underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test. Sleep habit was obtained through a standardized questionnaire. Bedtime was categorized as < 22:00, 22:00–24:00, and ≥ 24:00 in this study. Multivariate logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to estimate the association between bedtime and risk of early-onset DM and islet beta cell function, respectively.

Results

Patients with early-onset DM had a later bedtime than those with late-onset DM. Individuals with bedtime ≥ 24:00 had a higher prevalence of early-onset DM than those with bedtime at 22:00–24:00 and < 22:00 (51.2% vs 29.3% vs 14.3%, respectively, p = 0.028). The multivariate logistic regression showed that per hour later in bedtime was associated with a 52% increased risk of early-onset DM (p = 0.023). Patients with bedtime after 24:00 had a 146% increased risk of early-onset DM compared to those went to bed between 22:00 to 24:00 (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.77, p = 0.039). The multiple linear regression showed that bedtime was independently negatively correlated with late-phase insulin secretion (assessed by disposition index, DI₁₂₀).

Conclusion

Later bedtime was associated with worse late-phase insulin secretion and may be a risk factor for early-onset DM. Proper bedtime to lower risk of early-onset DM deserves further investigation.

Keywords:

• diabetes mellitus
• early-onset
• sleep
• bedtime
• islet beta cell function

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgment

Thank all the authors and patients who participated in the study.

Author Contributions

All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure

All the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Project of Science and Technology Research and Development of China Railway Corporation (No. J2021Z608).