Parents’ Sleep Multi-Trajectory Modelling from 3 to 36 Months Postpartum in the SEPAGES Cohort

Abstract

Objective

We investigated maternal and paternal sleep evolution from 3 to 36 months postpartum, their interrelations and predictors in the SEPAGES cohort.

Methods

Sleep information (night sleep duration [NSD], weekend daytime sleep duration [DSD] and subjective sleep loss [SSL]) was collected by self-administered questionnaires at 3, 18, 24 and 36 months postpartum in the SEPAGES French cohort that included 484 mothers and 410 fathers. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was used to identify maternal, paternal and couple sleep multi-trajectory groups among 188 couples reporting sleep data for at least 2 time points. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between parental sleep multi-trajectories and early characteristics such as sociodemographic, chronotypes, child sex, birth seasonality or breastfeeding duration.

Results

We identified three maternal (M1-M3), paternal (F1-F3) and couple (C1-C3) sleep multi-trajectory groups with similar characteristics: a group with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (M1, F2, C2), a group with long NSD but medium SSL prevalence (M2, F3, C3) and a group with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (M3, F1, C1). Mothers with the shortest NSD (M1) were less likely to have a partner with long NSD (F2). As compared with long NSD and low SSL prevalence (C1), couples with short NSD and high SSL prevalence (C2) were less likely to have had a first child born in the autumn and fathers in C2 had a later chronotype.

Conclusion

We identified distinct sleep multi-trajectory groups for mothers, fathers and couples from 3- to 36-month postpartum. Sleep patterns within couples were homogeneous.

Keywords:

• multi group-based-trajectory modelling
• parental sleep
• sleep epidemiology
• sleep interrelation

Abbreviations

BIC, Bayesian Information Criteria; BMI, Body mass index; CNIL, Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés; CPP, Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est V; DSD, Daytime sleep duration; FCS, Fully Conditional Specification; FG, Paternal sleep multi-trajectory group; G, Couple sleep multi-trajectory group; MCTQ, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire; MG, Maternal sleep multi-trajectory group; NSD, Nighttime sleep duration; SEPAGES, Suivi de l’Exposition à la Pollution Atmosphérique durant la Grossesse et Effet sur la Santé; SD, Standard deviation; SSL, Subjective sleep loss; OR: Odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.

Acknowledgments

We thank the SEPAGES study group: E. Eyriey, A. Licinia, A. Vellement (Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste, Grenoble), S. Bayat, P. Hoffmann, E. Hullo, C. Llerena (Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, La Tronche), X. Morin (Clinique des Cèdres, Echirolles), A. Morlot (Clinique Belledonne, Saint-Martin d’Hères), J. Lepeule, S. Lyon-Caen, C. Philippat, I. Pin, J. Quentin, V. Siroux, R. Slama (Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, IAB).

Many thanks to Dr I. Pin who was the Sepages PI from 2012 until 2022. We thank also Mrs. A. Benlakhryfa, Mrs. L. Borges, Mr. Y. Gioria, clinical research assistants; Mrs. J. Giraud, Mrs. M. Marceau, Mrs. M-P. Martin, nurses; Mrs. E. Charvet, Mrs A. Putod, midwives; Mrs. M. Graca, Mrs. K. Gridel, Mrs. C. Pelini, Mrs M. Barbagallo fieldworkers; Mrs. A. Bossant, K. Guichardet, J-T Iltis A. Levanic, C. Martel, E. Quinteiro, S. Raffin neuropsychologists; the staff from Grenoble Center for Clinical Investigation (CIC): Prof. J.-L. Cracowski, Dr. C. Cracowski, Dr. E. Hodaj, Mrs. D. Abry, Mr. N. Gonnet and Mrs. A. Tournier. A warm thank you also Dr. M. Althuser, Mr. S. Althuser, Dr. F. Camus-Chauvet, Mr. P. Dusonchet, Mrs. S. Dusonchet, Dr. L. Emery, Mrs. P. Fabbrizio, Prof. P. Hoffmann, Dr. D. Marchal André, Dr. X. Morin, Dr. E. Opoix, Dr. L. Pacteau, Dr. P. Rivoire, Mrs. A. Royannais, Dr. C. Tomasella, Dr. T. Tomasella, Dr. D. Tournadre, Mr. P. Viossat, Mrs. E. Volpi, Mrs. S. Rey, Dr. E. Warembourg and clinicians from Grenoble University Hospital for their support in the recruitment of the study volunteers. We also thank Mrs. A. Buchet, Mrs. SF. Caraby, Dr. J-N. Canonica, Mrs. J. Dujourdil, Dr. E. Eyriey, Prof. P. Hoffmann, Mrs. M. Jeannin, Mrs. A. Licina, Dr. X. Morin, Mrs. A. Nicolas, and all midwives from the four maternity wards of Grenoble urban areas. SEPAGES data storage was possible with an Inserm RE-CO-NAI platform funded by Commissariat Général à l’Investissement, with the implication of Sophiede Visme (Inserm DSI). Many thanks to Dr. M.A. Charles, RE-CO-NAI coordinator, for her support. Finally, and importantly, we express our sincere thanks to participants of the SEPAGES study.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Additional information

Funding

Mihyeon KIM was funded by a doctoral contract with Université de Paris-Cité. The SEPAGES cohort was supported by the European Research Council (N°311765-E-DOHaD), the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206, no.308333-892 HELIX), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 874583 ATHLETE Project, N°825712 OBERON Project), the French Research Agency – ANR (PAPER project ANR-12-PDOC-0029-01, SHALCOH project ANR-14-CE21-0007, ANR-15-IDEX-02 and ANR-15-IDEX5, GUMME project ANR-18-CE36-005, ETAPE project ANR-18-CE36-0005 - EDeN project ANR-19-CE36-0003-01 – MEMORI project ANR 21-CE34-0022), the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety – ANSES (CNAP project EST-2016-121, PENDORE project EST-2016-121, HyPAxE project EST-2019/1/039, PENDALIRE project EST-2022-169), the Plan Cancer (Canc’Air project), the French Cancer Research Foundation Association de Recherche sur le Cancer – ARC, the French Endowment Fund AGIR for chronic diseases – APMC (projects PRENAPAR, LCI-FOT, DysCard), the French Endowment Fund for Respiratory Health, the French Fund – Fondation de France (CLIMATHES – 00081169, SEPAGES 5 – 00099903, ELEMENTUM – 00124527).