406
Views
182
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous Article

Liver Glycogen in Man –- the Effect of Total Starvation or a Carbohydrate-Poor Diet Followed by Carbohydrate Refeeding

&
Pages 325-330 | Received 25 Apr 1973, Accepted 05 Nov 1973, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

Enoque Barbosa, Raiane Maiara dos Santos Pereira, Weslayne Lima Guaraná, Caio Gabriel de Jesus Rocha, Pedro Henrique Fernandes, Pedro Henrique Lobato de Oliveira, Guilherme E. Molina & Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz. (2022) Effects of Breakfast Omission on Resting, Exercise, and Postexercise Autonomic and Hemodynamic Profile in Men. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 93:2, pages 282-290.
Read now
Elizabeth Cornford & Richard Metcalfe. (2019) Omission of carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening 2000-m rowing time trial performance. European Journal of Sport Science 19:1, pages 133-140.
Read now
FrancisB. Stephens, Marc Roig, Gerald Armstrong & PaulL. Greenhaff. (2008) Post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution improves performance during a subsequent bout of cycling exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences 26:2, pages 149-154.
Read now
Clyde Williams & Luis Serratosa. (2006) Nutrition on match day. Journal of Sports Sciences 24:7, pages 687-697.
Read now
Greg Atkinson, Richard Davison, Asker Jeukendrup & Louis Passfield. (2003) Science and cycling: current knowledge and future directions for research. Journal of Sports Sciences 21:9, pages 767-787.
Read now
Agostino Consoli & Nurjahan Nurjhan. (1990) Contribution of Gluconeogenesis to Overall Glucose Output in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Men. Annals of Medicine 22:3, pages 191-195.
Read now
Erik Vinnars & Jan Wernerman. (1988) Metabolism and Nutrition in Trauma. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 93:2, pages 131-138.
Read now
L. H:son Nilsson & E. Hultman. (1974) Liver and Muscle Glycogen in Man after Glucose and Fructose Infusion. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 33:1, pages 5-10.
Read now
L. Hson Nilsson, P. Fürst & E. Hultman. (1973) Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Liver in Normal Man under Varying Dietary Conditions. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 32:4, pages 331-337.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (171)

Ya-Nan MaXuemei JiangWei TangPeipei Song. (2023) Influence of intermittent fasting on autophagy in the liver. BioScience Trends 17:5, pages 335-355.
Crossref
Max Borsche, Andre Märtens, Philipp Hörmann, Theresa Brückmann, Katja Lohmann, Sinem Tunc, Christine Klein, Karsten Hiller & Alexander Balck. (2023) In Vivo Investigation of Glucose Metabolism in Idiopathic and PRKN ‐Related Parkinson's Disease . Movement Disorders 38:4, pages 697-702.
Crossref
Tim Podlogar & Gareth A. Wallis. (2022) New Horizons in Carbohydrate Research and Application for Endurance Athletes. Sports Medicine 52:S1, pages 5-23.
Crossref
Andrew King, Eric Helms, Caryn Zinn & Ivan Jukic. (2022) The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 52:11, pages 2691-2712.
Crossref
Sture Hobro, Anders Nilsson, Jan Sternby, Carl Öberg, Kristian Pietras, Håkan Axelson, Ana Carneiro, Sara Kinhult, Anders Christensson, Jonas Fors, Steven Maciejewski, Jason Knox, Innas Forsal, Linda Källquist & Viktoria Roos. (2022) Dialysis as a Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Malignant Cancers. Cancers 14:20, pages 5054.
Crossref
Max C. Petersen, Molly R. Gallop, Stephany Flores Ramos, Amir Zarrinpar, Josiane L. Broussard, Maria Chondronikola, Amandine Chaix & Samuel Klein. (2022) Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating. Physiological Reviews 102:4, pages 1991-2034.
Crossref
Abram Katz. (2022) A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in regulation of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. European Journal of Applied Physiology 122:8, pages 1751-1772.
Crossref
Mohamed Nashrudin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof, David J. Clayton & Lewis J. James. (2022) Starving Your Performance? Reduced Preexercise Hunger Increases Resistance Exercise Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17:3, pages 458-464.
Crossref
Matthew T Stratton, Kembra Albracht-Schulte, Patrick S Harty, Madelin R Siedler, Christian Rodriguez & Grant M Tinsley. (2022) Physiological responses to acute fasting: implications for intermittent fasting programs. Nutrition Reviews 80:3, pages 439-452.
Crossref
Claire Laurens, Franziska Grundler, Anthony Damiot, Isabelle Chery, Anne‐Laure Le Maho, Alexandre Zahariev, Yvon Le Maho, Audrey Bergouignan, Guillemette Gauquelin‐Koch, Chantal Simon, Stéphane Blanc & Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo. (2021) Is muscle and protein loss relevant in long‐term fasting in healthy men? A prospective trial on physiological adaptations. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 12:6, pages 1690-1703.
Crossref
Mats Holst Aandahl, Dionne A. Noordhof, Arnt Erik Tjønna & Øyvind Sandbakk. (2021) Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors: A Randomized Controlled Crossover-Trial. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 3.
Crossref
Abdullah F. Alghannam, Mazen M. Ghaith & Maha H. Alhussain. (2021) Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:9, pages 4963.
Crossref
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding & Daniel J. Plews. (2020) What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions. Nutrients 12:11, pages 3473.
Crossref
Guillermo Escalante & Christopher Barakat. (2020) Fasted Versus Nonfasted Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition: Considerations for Physique Athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal 42:5, pages 71-78.
Crossref
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding & Daniel J. Plews. (2020) Prevalence and Determinants of Fasted Training in Endurance Athletes: A Survey Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 30:5, pages 345-356.
Crossref
M. N. Naharudin, J. Adams, H. Richardson, T. Thomson, C. Oxinou, C. Marshall, D. J. Clayton, S. A. Mears, A. Yusof, C. J. Hulston & L. J. James. (2020) Viscous placebo and carbohydrate breakfasts similarly decrease appetite and increase resistance exercise performance compared with a control breakfast in trained males. British Journal of Nutrition 124:2, pages 232-240.
Crossref
Panu K. Luukkonen, Sylvie Dufour, Kun LyuXian-Man ZhangAntti Hakkarainen, Tiina E. LehtimäkiGary W. ClineKitt Falk PetersenGerald I. ShulmanHannele Yki-Järvinen. (2020) Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117:13, pages 7347-7354.
Crossref
Leah M. Wilson, Peter G. Jacobs & Jessica R. Castle. (2020) Role of Glucagon in Automated Insulin Delivery. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 49:1, pages 179-202.
Crossref
Thaysa Ghiarone, Victor A. Andrade-Souza, Sara K. Learsi, Fabiano Tomazini, Thays Ataide-Silva, Andre Sansonio, Mariana P. Fernandes, Karina L. Saraiva, Regina C.B.Q. Figueiredo, Yves Tourneur, Jujiao Kuang, Adriano E. Lima-Silva & David J. Bishop. (2019) Twice-a-day training improves mitochondrial efficiency, but not mitochondrial biogenesis, compared with once-daily training. Journal of Applied Physiology 127:3, pages 713-725.
Crossref
Mohamed Nashrudin Bin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof, Harry ShawMatthew StocktonDavid J. Clayton & Lewis J. James. (2019) Breakfast Omission Reduces Subsequent Resistance Exercise Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33:7, pages 1766-1772.
Crossref
M. Kathryn Brewer & Matthew S. Gentry. 2019. Brain Glycogen Metabolism. Brain Glycogen Metabolism 17 81 .
David J. Clayton, Jack Biddle, Tyler Maher, Mark P. Funnell, Jack A. Sargeant, James A. King, Carl J. Hulston, David J. Stensel & Lewis J. James. (2018) 24-h severe energy restriction impairs postprandial glycaemic control in young, lean males. British Journal of Nutrition 120:10, pages 1107-1116.
Crossref
Othmar Moser, Jane Yardley & Richard Bracken. (2018) Interstitial Glucose and Physical Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: Integrative Physiology, Technology, and the Gap In-Between. Nutrients 10:1, pages 93.
Crossref
Hugh S. Winwood-Smith, Craig E. Franklin & Craig R. White. (2017) Low-carbohydrate diet induces metabolic depression: a possible mechanism to conserve glycogen. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 313:4, pages R347-R356.
Crossref
Ana Francisca Soares, Rolf Gruetter & Hongxia Lei. (2017) Technical and experimental features of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of brain glycogen metabolism. Analytical Biochemistry 529, pages 117-126.
Crossref
Javier Gonzalez, Cas Fuchs, James Betts & Luc van Loon. (2017) Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery—Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?. Nutrients 9:4, pages 344.
Crossref
Asker E Jeukendrup. (2017) Periodized Nutrition for Athletes. Sports Medicine 47:S1, pages 51-63.
Crossref
Mazen Alsahli, Muhammad Z. Shrayyef & John E. Gerich. 2017. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus 1 20 .
Mazen Alsahli, Muhammad Z. Shrayyef & John E. Gerich. 2017. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus 23 42 .
D J Clayton, M Creese, N Skidmore, D J Stensel & L J James. (2016) No effect of 24 h severe energy restriction on appetite regulation and ad libitum energy intake in overweight and obese males. International Journal of Obesity 40:11, pages 1662-1670.
Crossref
Javier T. Gonzalez, Cas J. Fuchs, James A. Betts & Luc J. C. van Loon. (2016) Liver glycogen metabolism during and after prolonged endurance-type exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 311:3, pages E543-E553.
Crossref
Christopher C. Webster, Timothy D. Noakes, Shaji K. Chacko, Jeroen Swart, Tertius A. Kohn & James A. H. Smith. (2016) Gluconeogenesis during endurance exercise in cyclists habituated to a long-term low carbohydrate high-fat diet. The Journal of Physiology 594:15, pages 4389-4405.
Crossref
David J. Clayton & Lewis J. James. (2015) The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75:3, pages 319-327.
Crossref
Martin Krššák. 2007. eMagRes. eMagRes 1027 1038 .
Stephanie T. Chung, Shaji K. Chacko, Agneta L. Sunehag & Morey W. Haymond. (2015) Measurements of Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis: A Methodological Review. Diabetes 64:12, pages 3996-4010.
Crossref
Lewis J. James, Stephen A. Mears & Susan M. Shirreffs. (2015) Electrolyte supplementation during severe energy restriction increases exercise capacity in the heat. European Journal of Applied Physiology 115:12, pages 2621-2629.
Crossref
David H. Alpers & Kevin D. Cashman. 2015. Yamada' s Textbook of Gastroenterology. Yamada' s Textbook of Gastroenterology 497 527 .
N Tewari, S Awad, I A Macdonald & D N Lobo. (2015) Obesity-related insulin resistance: implications for the surgical patient. International Journal of Obesity 39:11, pages 1575-1588.
Crossref
Mazen Alsahli & John E. Gerich. 2016. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus 1 20 .
Greg M. Kowalski & Clinton R. Bruce. (2014) The regulation of glucose metabolism: implications and considerations for the assessment of glucose homeostasis in rodents. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 307:10, pages E859-E871.
Crossref
DANIEL A. BAUR, ADAM B. SCHROER, NICHOLAS D. LUDEN, CHRISTOPHER J. WOMACK, SARAH A. SMYTH & MICHAEL J. SAUNDERS. (2014) Glucose–Fructose Enhances Performance versus Isocaloric, but Not Moderate, Glucose. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46:9, pages 1778-1786.
Crossref
Michael Ormsbee, Christopher Bach & Daniel Baur. (2014) Pre-Exercise Nutrition: The Role of Macronutrients, Modified Starches and Supplements on Metabolism and Endurance Performance. Nutrients 6:5, pages 1782-1808.
Crossref
Hua Bian, Antti Hakkarainen, Nina Lundbom & Hannele Yki-Järvinen. (2014) Effects of dietary interventions on liver volume in humans. Obesity 22:4, pages 989-995.
Crossref
Mazen Alsahli & John E. Gerich. 2014. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases 72 86 .
Bill CampbellMike Roberts, Joe Company & Bill Campbell. 2013. Sports Nutrition. Sports Nutrition 21 44 .
Gul Bano. (2013) Glucose homeostasis, obesity and diabetes. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 27:5, pages 715-726.
Crossref
Yuko Yoshida, Swati S. Jain, Jay T. McFarlan, Laelie A. Snook, Adrian Chabowski & Arend Bonen. (2012) Exercise‐ and training‐induced upregulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation are not solely dependent on mitochondrial machinery and biogenesis. The Journal of Physiology 591:18, pages 4415-4426.
Crossref
Per Frank, Abram Katz, Eva Andersson & Kent Sahlin. (2013) Acute exercise reverses starvation-mediated insulin resistance in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304:4, pages E436-E443.
Crossref
Chi-An W. Emhoff, Laurent A. Messonnier, Michael A. Horning, Jill A. Fattor, Thomas J. Carlson & George A. Brooks. (2013) Gluconeogenesis and hepatic glycogenolysis during exercise at the lactate threshold. Journal of Applied Physiology 114:3, pages 297-306.
Crossref
Samuel J. GeiselerArnoldus S. BlixJennifer M. Burns & Lars P. Folkow. (2013) Rapid postnatal development of myoglobin from large liver iron stores in hooded seals. Journal of Experimental Biology.
Crossref
Maarten R. SoetersPeter B. SoetersMarieke G. SchoonemanSander M. Houten & Johannes A. Romijn. (2012) Adaptive reciprocity of lipid and glucose metabolism in human short-term starvation. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303:12, pages E1397-E1407.
Crossref
Ikuma Murakami, Takayuki Sakuragi, Hiroshi Uemura, Hajime Menda, Munehiro Shindo & Hiroaki Tanaka. (2012) Significant Effect of a Pre-Exercise High-Fat Meal after a 3-Day High-Carbohydrate Diet on Endurance Performance. Nutrients 4:7, pages 625-637.
Crossref
M. H. Vendelbo, B. F. F. ClasenJ. T. TreebakL. Møller, T. Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm, M. Madsen, T. S. NielsenH. Stødkilde-Jørgensen, S. B. Pedersen, J. O. L. Jørgensen, L. J. Goodyear, J. F. P. WojtaszewskiN. Møller & N. Jessen. (2012) Insulin resistance after a 72-h fast is associated with impaired AS160 phosphorylation and accumulation of lipid and glycogen in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302:2, pages E190-E200.
Crossref
John R. SpeakmanKlaas R. Westerterp. (2012) A mathematical model of weight loss under total starvation: evidence against the thrifty-gene hypothesis. Disease Models & Mechanisms.
Crossref
Feng-Hua SunStephen Heung-Sang WongYa-Jun ChenYa-Jun HuangSandy Shen-Yu Hsieh. (2011) Effect of glycemic index and fructose content in lunch on substrate utilization during subsequent brisk walking. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36:6, pages 985-995.
Crossref
Weileen Png, Wendy Martinson, Nicola Maffulli & Filippo Spiezia. 2011. Sport and Exercise Nutrition. Sport and Exercise Nutrition 335 356 .
Jackson G. Green, Nathan A. Johnson, Toos Sachinwalla, Christopher W. Cunningham, Martin W. Thompson & Stephen R. Stannard. (2011) Moderate-intensity endurance exercise prevents short-term starvation-induced intramyocellular lipid accumulation but not insulin resistance. Metabolism 60:8, pages 1051-1057.
Crossref
Satoru Imura, Mitsuo Shimada, Tohru Utsunomiya, Yuji Morine, Tetsuya Ikemoto, Hiroki Mori, Jun Hanaoka, Shuichi Iwahashi, Yu Saito, Hisami Yamanaka‐Okumura & Eiji Takeda. (2010) Impact of splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: Results from 18 patients in a single center experience. Hepatology Research 40:9, pages 894-900.
Crossref
Sherif Awad, Mary C. Stephenson, Elisa Placidi, Luca Marciani, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu, Penny A. Gowland, Robin C. Spiller, Kenneth C.H. Fearon, Peter G. Morris, Ian A. Macdonald & Dileep N. Lobo. (2010) The effects of fasting and refeeding with a ‘metabolic preconditioning’ drink on substrate reserves and mononuclear cell mitochondrial function. Clinical Nutrition 29:4, pages 538-544.
Crossref
Marshall D. McCue. (2010) Starvation physiology: Reviewing the different strategies animals use to survive a common challenge. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 156:1, pages 1-18.
Crossref
Muhammad Z. Shrayyef & John E. Gerich. 2010. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus 19 35 .
Ratchada Pattaranit & Hugo Antonius van den Berg. (2008) Mathematical models of energy homeostasis. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5:27, pages 1119-1135.
Crossref
Frank Q. Nuttall, Angela Ngo & Mary C. Gannon. (2008) Regulation of hepatic glucose production and the role of gluconeogenesis in humans: is the rate of gluconeogenesis constant?. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 24:6, pages 438-458.
Crossref
H. B. Nielsen, M. A. Febbraio, P. Ott, P. Krustrup & N. H. Secher. (2007) Hepatic lactate uptake versus leg lactate output during exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 103:4, pages 1227-1233.
Crossref
Angus M. Brown & Bruce R. Ransom. (2007) Astrocyte glycogen and brain energy metabolism. Glia 55:12, pages 1263-1271.
Crossref
John WahrenKarin Ekberg. (2007) Splanchnic Regulation of Glucose Production. Annual Review of Nutrition 27:1, pages 329-345.
Crossref
C.-Y. Guezennec. 2007. Nutrition du sportif. Nutrition du sportif 21 43 .
Asker E. Jeukendrup, Luke Moseley, Gareth I. Mainwaring, Spencer Samuels, Samuel Perry & Christopher H. Mann. (2006) Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 100:4, pages 1134-1141.
Crossref
Matthew P. Harber, Simon Schenk, Ariel L. Barkan & Jeffrey F. Horowitz. (2005) Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in response to short-term dietary carbohydrate restriction. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289:2, pages E306-E312.
Crossref
Emma Stevenson, Clyde Williams & Maria Nute. (2007) The influence of the glycaemic index of breakfast and lunch on substrate utilisation during the postprandial periods and subsequent exercise. British Journal of Nutrition 93:6, pages 885-893.
Crossref
. 2005. Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen 75 116 .
Shannon P. Reidy & Jean-Michel Weber. (2004) Metabolism of normothermic woodchucks during prolonged fasting. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:26, pages 4525-4533.
Crossref
Theodore W. Zderic, Simon Schenk, Christopher J. Davidson, Lauri O. Byerley & Edward F. Coyle. (2004) Manipulation of dietary carbohydrate and muscle glycogen affects glucose uptake during exercise when fat oxidation is impaired by β-adrenergic blockade. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 287:6, pages E1195-E1201.
Crossref
Asker E Jeukendrup. (2004) Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition 20:7-8, pages 669-677.
Crossref
Theodore W. Zderic, Christopher J. Davidson, Simon Schenk, Lauri O. Byerley & Edward F. Coyle. (2004) High-fat diet elevates resting intramuscular triglyceride concentration and whole body lipolysis during exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 286:2, pages E217-E225.
Crossref
Ching-Lin Wu, Ceri Nicholas, Clyde Williams, Alison Took & Lucy Hardy. (2007) The influence of high-carbohydrate meals with different glycaemic indices on substrate utilisation during subsequent exercise. British Journal of Nutrition 90:6, pages 1049-1056.
Crossref
Lukas Krähenbühl, Corinne Lang, Saskia Lüdes, Christian Seiler, Markus Schäfer, Arthur Zimmermann & Stephan Krähenbühl. (2003) Reduced hepatic glycogen stores in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver International 23:2, pages 101-109.
Crossref
Keith N Frayn & Dominique Langin. 2003. Lipobiology. Lipobiology 337 356 .
Jeff K. Trimmer, Jean-Marc Schwarz, Gretchen A. Casazza, Michael A. Horning, Nestor Rodriguez & George A. Brooks. (2002) Measurement of gluconeogenesis in exercising men by mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Journal of Applied Physiology 93:1, pages 233-241.
Crossref
Yutaka Nakaya, Nagakatsu Harada, Yasuharu Niwa & Akira Takahashi. (2002) Time course of change in respiratory quotient during prolonged starvation in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. Nutrition Research 22:6, pages 695-703.
Crossref
Roy Taylor & Gerald I. Shulman. 2011. Comprehensive Physiology. Comprehensive Physiology 787 802 .
Garth J. S. Cooper. 2011. Comprehensive Physiology. Comprehensive Physiology 303 396 .
J. Radziuk & S. Pye. (2001) Hepatic glucose uptake, gluconeogenesis and the regulation of glycogen synthesis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 17:4, pages 250-272.
Crossref
Martin G. BischofMartin KrssakMichael KrebsElisabeth BernroiderHarald StinglWerner WaldhäuslMichael Roden. (2001) Effects of Short-Term Improvement of Insulin Treatment and Glycemia on Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 50:2, pages 392-398.
Crossref
Mark A. Febbraio, Alison Chiu, Damien J. Angus, Melissa J. Arkinstall & John A. Hawley. (2000) Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 89:6, pages 2220-2226.
Crossref
Elizabeth Murphy & Marc Hellerstein. (2009) Is In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Currently a Quantitative Method for Whole-body Carbohydrate Metabolism?. Nutrition Reviews 58:10, pages 304-314.
Crossref
J. Lynne WalkerGeorge J. F. Heigenhauser, Eric Hultman & Lawrence L. Spriet. (2000) Dietary carbohydrate, muscle glycogen content, and endurance performance in well-trained women. Journal of Applied Physiology 88:6, pages 2151-2158.
Crossref
Eric Hultman & Paul L. Greenhaff. 2000. Nutrition in Sport. Nutrition in Sport 85 96 .
Jerry Radziuk & W.-N. Paul Lee. (1999) Measurement of gluconeogenesis and mass isotopomer analysis based on [U- 13 C]glucose . American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 277:2, pages E199-E207.
Crossref
Birthe M. Rasmussen, Christian Christiansen, Ole W. Rasmussen, Carsten Hansen & Kjeld Hermansen. (1999) Alcohol and postexercise metabolic responses in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 48:5, pages 597-602.
Crossref
SHIOU-LIANG WEE, CLYDE WILLIAMS, SUSAN GRAY & JAYNE HORABIN. (1999) Influence of high and low glycemic index meals on endurance running capacity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31:3, pages 393-399.
Crossref
Ivan Osorio, BM Arafah, Carlos Mayor & Alexander I Troster. (1999) Plasma Glucose Alone Does Not Predict Neurologic Dysfunction in Hypoglycemic Nondiabetic Subjects. Annals of Emergency Medicine 33:3, pages 291-298.
Crossref
Jerry Radziuk & Susan Pye. 1999. Insulin Resistance. Insulin Resistance 197 231 .
Scott Q. Siler, Richard A. Neese, Mark P. Christiansen & Marc K. Hellerstein. (1998) The inhibition of gluconeogenesis following alcohol in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275:5, pages E897-E907.
Crossref
Joseph Katz & John A. Tayek. (1998) Gluconeogenesis and the Cori cycle in 12-, 20-, and 40-h-fasted humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275:3, pages E537-E542.
Crossref
Tanis, Van Den Berg, Kroneman, Wattimena, Rietveld, Nieland & Swart. (1998) Human liver glycogen metabolism assessed with a 13 C-enriched diet and a 13 CO 2 breath test . European Journal of Clinical Investigation 28:6, pages 466-474.
Crossref
Sandra M. Weltan, Andrew N. Bosch, Steven C. Dennis & Timothy D. Noakes. (1998) Influence of muscle glycogen content on metabolic regulation. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 274:1, pages E72-E82.
Crossref
. (1997) Programas adequados e inadequados para redução de peso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 3:4, pages 125-130.
Crossref
S Snitker, DE Larson, PA Tataranni & E Ravussin. (1997) Ad libitum food intake in humans after manipulation of glycogen stores. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65:4, pages 941-946.
Crossref
Richard J. Connett & Kent Sahlin. 2011. Comprehensive Physiology. Comprehensive Physiology 870 911 .
J. A. TayekJ. Katz. (1996) Glucose production, recycling, and gluconeogenesis in normals and diabetics: a mass isotopomer [U-13C]glucose study. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270:4, pages E709-E717.
Crossref
Samuel Klein & John Miles. (2016) Substrate Metabolism in Humans: 1995 A.S.P.E.N. Research Workshop. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 20:1, pages 13-19.
Crossref
K. F. PetersenT. PriceG. W. ClineD. L. RothmanG. I. Shulman. (1996) Contribution of net hepatic glycogenolysis to glucose production during the early postprandial period. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 270:1, pages E186-E191.
Crossref
Eric Hultman & Lawrence L. Spriet. 1996. Cell Chemistry and Physiology: PartIV. Cell Chemistry and Physiology: PartIV 239 280 .
Werner Roser, Nicolau Beckmann, Ulrich Wiesmann & Joachim Seelig. (1996) Absolute quantification of the hepatic glycogen content in a patient with glycogen storage disease by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14:10, pages 1217-1220.
Crossref
A. Revhaug & J. Kjæve. 1996. Acute Catabolic State. Acute Catabolic State 257 267 .
Jie Kang, Robert J. Robertson, Bart G. Denys, Sergio G. DaSilva, Paul Visich, Richard R. Suminski, Alan C. Utter, Fredric L. Goss & Kenneth F. Metz. (1995) Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Subsequent to Carbohydrate Supercompensation on Endurance Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5:4, pages 329-343.
Crossref
J. Webber, J. Taylor, H. Greathead, J. Dawson, P. J. Buttery & I.A. MacDonald. (2007) The effects of fasting on the thermogenic, metabolic and cardiovascular responses to infused adrenaline. British Journal of Nutrition 74:4, pages 477-490.
Crossref
Thomas C. Ball, Samuel A. Headley, Paul M. Vanderburgh & John C. Smith. (1995) Periodic Carbohydrate Replacement during 50 Min of High-Intensity Cycling Improves Subsequent Sprint Performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5:2, pages 151-158.
Crossref
Michael S. Dahn, Robert A. Mitchell, M. Patricia Lange, Stuart Smith & Lloyd A. Jacobs. (1995) Hepatic metabolic response to injury and sepsis. Surgery 117:5, pages 520-530.
Crossref
Marc K. Hellerstein, Suzanne Kaempfer, J.Steven Reid, Ken Wu & Cedric H.L. Shackleton. (1995) Rate of glucose entry into hepatic uridine diphosphoglucose by the direct pathway in fasted and fed states in normal humans. Metabolism 44:2, pages 172-182.
Crossref
Nicolau Beckmann. 1995. Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Systems. Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Systems 269 322 .
Lesley Heseltine, Judith M. Webster & Roy Taylor. (1995) Adenosine effects upon insulin action on lipolysis and glucose transport in human adipocytes. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 144:2, pages 147-151.
Crossref
W. Pimenta, N. Nurjhan, P. -A. Jansson, M. Stumvoll, J. Gerich & M. Korytkowski. (1994) Glycogen: its mode of formation and contribution to hepatic glucose output in postabsorptive humans. Diabetologia 37:7, pages 697-702.
Crossref
Rolf Gruetter, Inger Magnusson, Douglas L. Rothman, Malcolm J. Avison, Robert G. Shulman & Gerald I. Shulman. (2005) Validation of 13 C NMR measurements of liver glycogen in vivo . Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 31:6, pages 583-588.
Crossref
Zhenqi Liu, Lawrence B. Gardner & Eugene J. Barrett. (1993) Insulin and glucose suppress hepatic glycogenolysis by distinct enzymatic mechanisms. Metabolism 42:12, pages 1546-1551.
Crossref
C. T. PutmanL. L. SprietE. HultmanM. I. LindingerL. C. LandsR. S. McKelvieG. CederbladN. L. JonesG. J. Heigenhauser. (1993) Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and acetyl group accumulation during exercise after different diets. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 265:5, pages E752-E760.
Crossref
C. ChenP. F. WilliamsI. D. Caterson. (1993) Liver and peripheral tissue glycogen metabolism in obese mice: effect of a mixed meal. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 265:5, pages E743-E751.
Crossref
Yki-Järvinen Hannele. (1993) 3 Action of insulin on glucose metabolism in vivo. Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 7:4, pages 903-927.
Crossref
JAN Pruim, IDS J. KIompniaker, ELIZABETH B. Haagsma, CHARLES M. A. Bijleveld & MAARTEN J.H. Slooff. (1993) Selection criteria for liver donation: a review. Transplant International 6:4, pages 226-235.
Crossref
John E. Gerich. (1993) Control of glycaemia. Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 7:3, pages 551-586.
Crossref
Jan Pruim, Ids J. Klompmaker, Elizabeth B. Haagsma, Charles M. A. Bijleveld & Maarten J. H. Slooff. (1993) Selection criteria for liver donation: a review. Transplant International 6:4, pages 226-235.
Crossref
Konstantinos Tsintzas, Raymond Liu, Clyde Williams, Ian Campbell & George Gaitanos. (1993) The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance during a 30-km Race. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 3:2, pages 127-139.
Crossref
RJ Stubbs, PR Murgatroyd, GR Goldberg & AM Prentice. (1993) Carbohydrate balance and the regulation of day-to-day food intake in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57:6, pages 897-903.
Crossref
N. Beckmann, R. Fried, I. Turkalj, J. Seeling, U. Keller & G. Stalder. (2005) Noninvaive observation of hepatic glycogen formation in man by 13 C MRS after Orl and intravenous glucose administration . Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 29:5, pages 583-590.
Crossref
B. J. SONKO, P. R. MURGATROYD, G. R. GOLDBERG, W. A. COWARD, S. M. CEESAY & A. M. PRENTICE. (2008) Non‐invasive techniques for assessing carbohydrate flux. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 147:1, pages 99-108.
Crossref
P. R. MURGATROYD, B. J. SONKO, A. WITTEKIND, G. R. GOLDBERG, S. M. CEESAY & A. M. PRENTICE. (2008) Non‐invasive techniques for assessing carbohydrate flux:. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 147:1, pages 91-98.
Crossref
M.C. Zillikens, J.W.O. van den Berg, J.L.D. Wattimena, T. Rietveld & G.R. Swart. (1993) Nocturnal oral glucose supplementation. Journal of Hepatology 17:3, pages 377-383.
Crossref
M. Saner, G. Mckinnon & P. Boesiger. (2005) Glycogen Detection by in Vivo 13 C NMR: A Comparison of Proton Decoupling and Polarization Transfer . Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 28:1, pages 65-73.
Crossref
E. EsenmoV. ChandramouliW. C. SchumannK. KumaranJ. WahrenB. R. Landau. (1992) Use of 14CO2 in estimating rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263:1, pages E36-E41.
Crossref
F. JahoorS. KleinR. Wolfe. (1992) Mechanism of regulation of glucose production by lipolysis in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 262:3, pages E353-E358.
Crossref
. (1992) Insights into fasting. The Lancet 339:8786, pages 152-153.
Crossref
B. R. Landau. (1991) Correction of tricarboxylic acid cycle exchange in gluconeogenesis: why the y's are wrong. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 261:5, pages E673-E676.
Crossref
WM Sherman, MC Peden & DA Wright. (1991) Carbohydrate feedings 1 h before exercise improves cycling performance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54:5, pages 866-870.
Crossref
Douglas L. RothmanInger MagnussonLee D. KatzRobert G. ShulmanGerald I. Shulman. (1991) Quantitation of Hepatic Glycogenolysis And Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Humans With 13 C NMR . Science 254:5031, pages 573-576.
Crossref
Alexandre Wajngot, Visvanathan Chandramouli, William C. Schumann, Suad Efendic & Bernard R. Landau. (1991) Quantitation of glycogen/glucose-1-P cycling in liver. Metabolism 40:8, pages 877-881.
Crossref
Keith N. Frayn. (2020) Metabolic Studies in Human Subjects. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 19:2, pages 251-262.
Crossref
G. K. HendrickR. T. FrizzellP. E. WilliamsA. D. Cherrington. (1990) Effect of hyperglucagonemia on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis after a prolonged fast. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258:5, pages E841-E849.
Crossref
F. JahoorE. J. PetersR. R. Wolfe. (1990) The relationship between gluconeogenic substrate supply and glucose production in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258:2, pages E288-E296.
Crossref
J. Radziuk. (1989) Hepatic glycogen in humans. I. Direct formation after oral and intravenous glucose or after a 24-h fast. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257:2, pages E145-E157.
Crossref
Eric Hultman. (1989) Nutritional effects on work performance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:5, pages 949-957.
Crossref
Harriet Wallberg-Henriksson & John Wahren. (1989) Effect of nutrition and diabetes mellitus on the regulation of metabolic fuels during exercise. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:5, pages 938-943.
Crossref
Clyde Williams. (1989) Diet and endurance fitness. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:5, pages 1077-1083.
Crossref
BORIS SENIOR & ABDOLLAH SADEGHI-NEJAD. (1989) Hypoglycemia: A pathophysiologic approach. Acta Paediatrica 78:s352, pages 1-27.
Crossref
Peter C. Butler & Robert A. Rizza. (1989) Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism and Response to Hypoglycemia. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 18:1, pages 1-25.
Crossref
C. Williams. 1989. Dietary Starches and Sugars in Man: A Comparison. Dietary Starches and Sugars in Man: A Comparison 193 212 .
Edward S. Horton. (1988) Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus. Medical Clinics of North America 72:6, pages 1301-1321.
Crossref
M. Gleeson, P. L. Greenhaff & R. J. Maughan. (1988) Influence of a 24 h fast on high intensity cycle exercise performance in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 57:6, pages 653-659.
Crossref
F. John Service. (1988) Hypoglycemia. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 17:3, pages 601-616.
Crossref
R. J. Maughan & M. Gleeson. (1988) Influence of a 36 h fast followed by refeeding with glucose, glycerol or placebo on metabolism and performance during prolonged exercise in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 57:5, pages 570-576.
Crossref
Ralph A. Defronzo. (1987) 4 Use of the splanchnic/hepatic balance technique in the study of glucose metabolism. Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1:4, pages 837-862.
Crossref
Ralph A. DeFronzo & Eleuterio Ferrannini. (2009) Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews 3:2, pages 415-459.
Crossref
J. -M. Lavoie, M. -C. Bonneau, J. -Y. Roy, G. R. Brisson & R. H�lie. (1987) Effects of dietary manipulations on blood glucose and hormonal responses following supramaximal exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 56:1, pages 109-114.
Crossref
J. Radziuk. (2009) Tracer methods and the metabolic disposal of a carbohydrate load in man. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews 3:1, pages 231-267.
Crossref
J.R. Poortmans. (1986) La récupération après l'exercice. Analyse de la réplétion des réserves énergétiques. Science & Sports 1:3, pages 209-230.
Crossref
S. C. Denne & S. C. Kalhan. (1986) Glucose carbon recycling and oxidation in human newborns. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 251:1, pages E71-E77.
Crossref
George E. ShambaughIIIIII. 1986. Human Growth. Human Growth 291 325 .
Ola Bjorkman. (2009) Fuel metabolism during exercise in normal and diabetic man. Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews 1:4, pages 319-357.
Crossref
R. Hélie, J. -M. Lavoie & D. Cousineau. (1985) Effects of a 24-h carbohydrate-poor diet on metabolic and hormonal responses during prolonged glucose-infused leg exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 54:4, pages 420-426.
Crossref
Franklin H. Epstein, Philip E. Cryer & John E. Gerich. (1985) Glucose Counterregulation, Hypoglycemia, and Intensive Insulin Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine 313:4, pages 232-241.
Crossref
Clyde Williams. (2007) Nutritional aspects of exercise-induced fatigue. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 44:2, pages 245-256.
Crossref
KJ Acheson, A Thélin, E Ravussin, MJ Arnaud & E Jéquier. (1985) Contribution of 500 g naturally labeled 13C dextrin maltose to total carbohydrate utilization and the effect of the antecedent diet, in man. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41:5, pages 881-890.
Crossref
WJ Evans & VA Hughes. (1985) Dietary carbohydrates and endurance exercise. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41:5, pages 1146-1154.
Crossref
C. WILLIAMS. (2007) Human metabolic response to exercise. Nutrition Bulletin 10:1, pages 20-27.
Crossref
Ola Björkman, Philip Felig & John Wahren. (2008) Role of basal glucagon levels in the regulation of splanchnic glucose output and ketogenesis in insulin‐deficient humans. Clinical Physiology 4:3, pages 227-241.
Crossref
H. L. Müller & M. Kirchgeßner. (1984) Energiewechsel bei Nüchterung und anschließender Realimentation. Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 23:1, pages 12-19.
Crossref
K. J. Acheson, Y. Schutz, T. Bessard, E. Ravussin, E. Jequier & J. P. Flatt. (1984) Nutritional influences on lipogenesis and thermogenesis after a carbohydrate meal. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 246:1, pages E62-E70.
Crossref
L S Eriksson. (1983) Splanchnic exchange of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.. Gut 24:12, pages 1161-1168.
Crossref
Oliver E. Owen, Sonia Caprio, George A. ReichardJrJr, Maria A. Mozzoli, Guenther Boden & Rodney S. Owen. (1983) 6Ketosis of starvation: A revisit and new perspectives. Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism 12:2, pages 359-379.
Crossref
M. Andreen, R. Brandt, T. Strandell, E. Vinnars & B. E. M. Zetterström. (2008) Hepatic Gluconeogenesis During Halothane Anaesthesia in Man. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 25:6, pages 453-460.
Crossref
Hans J. Seitz, Wilhelm Krone, Harald Wilke, Wolfgang Tarnowski, D. Carsten, B. Dunkelmann & A. Harneit. (1981) Rapid rise in plasma glucagon induced by acute cold exposure in man and rat. Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 389:2, pages 115-120.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.