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Abstract
A main component of the Gloucestershire Dendrochronology Project was the systematic recording and accurate dating by tree-ring analysis of 50 buildings in Newent, Tewkesbury and Gloucester. Together with 128 previously published tree-ring-dated buildings, this has allowed date ranges for 42 stylistic features of vernacular timber-framing in Gloucestershire to be established. Two periods of rapid change from the 1380–1400s and the 1520–50s are shown. The first period is marked by the use of the crown-strut truss, the rise of open-hall decoration and the use of passing braces and close studding. The second period sees the increased use of first-floor flooring, smoke control, on-edge joists and small square panels, and both windbraces and wall braces change shape from curved to straight.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was funded by Heritage Fund (grant number: OM-19–02455) and the remarkable generosity of householders, but could not have been successful without the tireless enthusiasm of Professor Nigel Nayling and Dr Rod Bale of DendroArch, who undertook most of the dendrochronology. The project’s building expert was Dr Richard Parker, who drew the illustrations of chamfer stops used here. The work of all members of the GBRG is gratefully acknowledged, but especially the GBRG committee consisting of Toby Catchpole, Mary Matthews, Mike Joy and Diane Charlesworth. Alison Goodall very kindly undertook the editing of the project’s building reports. We thank the householders, publicans and museums that permitted access to their buildings. We are grateful to the councils of Gloucestershire, Tewkesbury and Newent, the John Moore Museum, the Tewkesbury Museum, the Gloucester Folk Museum, Tewkesbury Abbey and Gloucester Cathedral for their initial and ongoing support for this project. I am grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments.
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
BARD hosted at www.buildingarchaeology.com is jointly owned by Andy Moir trading as Tree-Ring Services and the Domestic Building Research Group (Surrey). No other potential conflict of interest is reported by the author.
Andy Moir, Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, UK [email protected]
Notes
1 Hall, “Vernacular Roof-Types”; Peters, “Barns in Gloucestershire.”
3 Peters, “Barns in Gloucestershire.”
4 Power, Wool Trade.
5 Rose, Wealth of England.
6 Historic England listed building descriptions in Gloucestershire.
7 Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae i. 14–15, 22, 24, 26.
8 Freely available to download at www.buildingarchaeology.com.
9 Moir et al., “An Internet-Accessible Building Archaeological Research Database.”
10 Alcock et al., “Recording Timber-Framed Buildings.”
11 Alcock and Cherry, “The Cornish Base-Cruck Truss.”
12 Roberts, Hampshire Houses.
13 Moran, Vernacular Buildings of Shropshire.
15 Moir et al., “New Insights into Timber-Framing in Shropshire.”
16 Wild and Moir, “Key Dating Features for Timber-Framed Dwellings in Surrey.”
17 Miles et al., “Tree-Ring Dates,” VA 39.
18 Historic England, List Entry Number 1304997.
19 Historic England, List Entry Number 1245952.
20 Hillam and Groves, “Tree-Ring Dates.”
21 Miles and Worthington, “Tree-Ring Dates.”
22 Charles and Horn, “Cruck-Built Barn.”
23 Meeson and Alcock, “Black Swan Terrace, Upper Spon Street, Coventry.”
24 Eddie Price, Frocester - A Romano - British Settlement, Its Antecedents and Successors, Vol. 4, The Village.” Gloucester & District Archeological Research Group, 2008.
25 Miles et al., “Tree-Ring Dates,” VA 35: 111.
26 Walker et al., “The English Medieval Roof,” 74.
27 Moran, Vernacular Buildings of Shropshire, 126.
28 Arnold et al., “Tree-Ring Date List 223.”
29 Nick Joyce, pers. comm.
30 Meeson, “Medieval Roofs in the West Midlands,” 74.
31 Moran, Vernacular Buildings of Shropshire, 113–14.
32 Moir et al., “New Insights into Timber-Framing in Shropshire.”
33 Wild and Moir, “Key Dating Features for Timber-Framed Dwellings in Surrey.”
34 Moir et al., “New Insights into Timber-Framing in Shropshire.”
35 James, “Saw Marks in Vernacular Buildings.”
36 Moir et al., “New Insights into Timber-Framing in Shropshire.”