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Applied Spectroscopy Reviews Volume 59, 2024 - Issue 5
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Review

Emerging contaminants – general aspects: sources, substances involved, and quantification

Sergio L.C. Ferreiraa Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;b Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilCorrespondence[email protected]
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Ravena S.A. Azevedoa Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;b Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Jucelino B. da Silva Juniorc Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Leonardo S.G. Teixeiraa Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;b Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Ivanice F. dos Santosd Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Walter N.L. dos Santosb Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;e Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Antonio F.S. Queirozc Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Olivia M.C. de Oliveirac Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Lilian L.N. Guarieirob Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;f Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador - Bahia, BrasilView further author information
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Jeancarlo P. dos Anjosb Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;f Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador - Bahia, BrasilView further author information
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Maria V.B. Zanonig Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, BraziView further author information
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Ricardo B. da Silvah Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PortugalView further author information
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Carla Palmai Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, PortugalView further author information
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Vanessa Morgadoh Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;i Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisboa, PortugalView further author information
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Victor Cerdaj University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain;k Sciware Systems, Bunyola, SpainView further author information
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Vanessa Hatjel Instituto de Química, Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
&
Rodrigo M.A Pedreiral Instituto de Química, Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilView further author information
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Pages 632-651 | Published online: 19 Jun 2023
 
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Abstract

This review reports a discussion involving sources, adverse effects, and quantification of emerging contaminants that have polluted the environment, such as chemical elements employed in medicine (antimony, barium, and gadolinium), microplastics in water bodies, in addition to pharmaceutical, illicit drugs, and their metabolites in wastewater and sewage sludge. It also addresses the pollution caused by emerging contaminants in urban areas, such as gas stations and hairdressing salons. The main analytical methods recommended for determining all these contaminants are briefly reported.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Funding

The Brazilian authors thank the fellowships and financial support from the Brazilian agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Finance Code 001), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB).

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