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The state of isotope hydrology research in Canada (2007–2022)

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Pages 428-449 | Received 19 Sep 2022, Accepted 24 May 2023, Published online: 09 Jul 2023
 

Abstract

In the past twenty years, there has been an exponential increase in isotope hydrology, specifically stable isotopes in water, applications in research internationally, with Canadian researchers among the top five contributors globally. The Canadian isotope hydrology community continues to actively participate in international collaborative research projects through direct partnerships and in association with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Isotope Hydrology Section, supporting water resources research in developing nations. Among Canada’s most significant contributions to the isotope hydrology community in the past two decades has been advances in analytical tools and tracer-aided modelling, and the development of new national isotopes in water monitoring networks. The objective of this paper is to highlight recent progress in Canadian isotope hydrology research based on topical prominence in the peer-reviewed literature, and to outline future strategic directions. Future endeavours in this field must continue to push open source, accessible and interoperable codes and models for isotope aided modelling along with repositories of isotope in precipitation and streamflow observations from Canada-wide networks. A coordinated effort to fund isotope data networks for early climate change detection is needed, involving academic, industry and government partnerships.

RÉSUMÉ

Au cours des vingt dernières années, il y a eu une augmentation exponentielle des travaux traitant des analyses d’isotopes en hydrologie, en particulier les isotopes stables dans l‘eau. Plusieurs recherche ont été complétées au niveau international, avec des chercheurs canadiens parmi les cinq principaux contributeurs dans le monde. La communauté canadienne de l‘hydrologie isotopique continue de participer activement à des projets de recherche collaboratifs internationaux par partenariats et en association avec l‘Agence Internationale de l‘Energie Atomique (AIEA), Section de l’hydrologie Isotopique, soutenant la recherche dans les pays en développement. Parmi les contributions les plus importantes du Canada à la communauté hydrologique isotopique au cours des deux dernières décennies, on compte la mise en œuvre d’outils d‘analyse et de modélisation assistée par traceur, et le développement de nouveaux isotopes dans les réseaux de surveillance de l‘eau. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence les récents progrès de la recherche canadienne en hydrologie isotopique basés sur la littérature évaluée par des pairs, et de décrire les futures stratégies et orientations. Les efforts futurs dans ce domaine doivent continuer à pousser les logiciels libres, les codes et modèles accessibles et interopérables pour la modélisation assistée par isotopes avec des référentiels d‘isotopes dans les observations de précipitations et de débits pour les réseaux pancanadiens. Un effort coordonné pour financer des réseaux de données isotopiques pour une détection précoce du changement climatique est nécessaire, impliquant les universités, l‘industrie et les partenaires gouvernementaux.

HIGHLIGHTS

  1. Development of a new Canadian operational isotope in streamflow monitoring network

  2. Open source analytical and scripting tools available to facilitate non-expert isotope informed regional water balance

  3. Advances in tracer-aided modelling tools that have improved process-based model calibration

  4. Isotopes in water have contributed to enhanced understanding of groundwater systems and wetland dominated regimes

  5. Canada has contributed to numerous IAEA collaborative research programmes, significantly influencing best practices in the field of isotope hydrology over the past decade.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge ECCC and the Water Survey of Canada for their continued support of national isotope monitoring. The authors also thank the reviewers, who provided suggestions that helped to improved the manuscript, its content and presentation. Thank you to the CWRJ editorial team for the french translation of the astract.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

We thank InnoTech Alberta for financial and laboratory support for isotope analyses and personnel that contributed to many of the studies in this review. Funding support for this research was in part provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada Research Chairs program.

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