Notes
1 For similar definitions, see, for instance, Hansen (Citation1981, 19): “sub-national areas whose economic and social life is directly and significantly affected by proximity to an international boundary”.
3 Responses to Salafi-jihadist movements have been the subject of numerous analyses. See, for instance, Franco and Ajú (Citation2022) on the cases of Somalia, Mali and Mozambique.
Erdmann, Gero. 2014. Apocalyptic triad: State failure, state disintegration and state collapse: structural problems of democracy in Africa. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 8: 215–36. doi:10.1007/s12286-014-0231-8. Rotberg, Robert, ed. 2003. State failure and state weakness in a time of terror. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Rotberg, Robert. 2004. When states fail: Causes and consequences. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Franco, Ana Carina, and Miguel Mbiavanga Ajú. 2022. Response to the Somali and Malian Jihadist Movements: What Lessons for Mozambique? Resposta aos Movimentos Jihadistas Somali e Mali: Que Lições para Moçambique? Revista Portuguesa De Ciência Política 17: 91–105. doi:10.33167/2184-2078.RPCP2022.17/pp.91-105.
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