US alliance dynamics and nuclear proliferation in the Cold War

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Notes

1 William Burr, “A Scheme of ‘Control’: The United States and the Origins of the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group, 1974–1976,” International History Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 (2014), pp. 252–76; J. Samuel Walker, “Nuclear Power and Nonproliferation: The Controversy Over Nuclear Exports, 1974–1980,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2001), pp. 215–49; M. J. Brenner, Nuclear Power and Non-Proliferation: The Remaking of U.S. Policy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

2 Alexander Lanoszka, "Nuclear Proliferation and Nonproliferation among Soviet Allies," Journal of Global Security Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (April 2018), <https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogy002>.

3 Three states who enjoyed an informal alliance with the United States– Israel, South Africa, and Pakistan­­– did develop nuclear weapons in the second half of the Cold War; of these three, Pakistan signed with the United States an Agreement of Cooperation in 1959.