New insights into the diagnosis and management of bone health in premature ovarian insufficiency

Abstract

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), defined as a loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years, is a life-changing diagnosis that has numerous long-term consequences. Musculoskeletal complications, including osteoporosis and fractures, are a key concern for women with POI. The risk of bone loss is influenced by the underlying etiology of POI, and the degree and duration of estrogen deficiency. A decline in muscle mass as a result of estrogen and androgen deficiency may contribute to skeletal fragility, but has not been examined in women with POI. This article aims to review musculoskeletal health in POI; summarize the traditional and novel modalities available to screen for skeletal fragility and muscle dysfunction; and provide updated evidence for available management strategies.

早发性卵巢功能不全的诊断和管理的新见解 摘要

早发性卵巢功能不全（POI）, 定义为 40 岁前卵巢功能丧失, 是一种改变生活的诊断, 具有许多长期后果。肌肉骨骼的并发症包括骨质疏松症和骨折, 是 POI 女性的一个关键问题。POI 的潜在病因以及雌激素缺乏的程度和持续时间会影响骨量减少和丢失。由于雌激素和雄激素缺乏导致的肌肉质量下降可能导致骨骼脆弱, 但尚未在患有 POI 的女性中进行检查。本文旨在回顾POI中的肌肉骨骼健康；总结可用于筛查骨骼的传统和新方式。为骨骼脆性增高和肌肉功能障碍提供可用管理策略的新证据。

Keywords:

• Premature ovarian insufficiency
• premature menopause
• osteoporosis
• fractures
• dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
• bone mineral density
• muscle

View correction statement:

Correction

Potential conflict of interest

A.J.V. is a member of the Climacteric Editorial Board, and has received speaker honoraria, travel support and grant funding from Besins and Amgen. F.M. and H.H.N. have no disclosures.

Source of funding

Nil.

Correction Statement

This article was originally published with errors, which have now been corrected in the online version. Please see Correction (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2021.1996698)