Novel approach to sandstorm-resilient solar tracking system for optimal energy generation

ABSTRACT

Sandstorms pose several challenges for solar power generation in desert environments, such as dust accumulation, surface abrasion, structural stress, long-term degradation, and potential deterioration. This study aims to address these challenges by proposing a sandstorm-resistant solar tracking system that does not require complex and costly protection mechanisms, cleaning, or maintenance practices. Instead, we present an innovative approach to protect solar systems from sandstorms by integrating wind data readings into conventional solar tracking tools. Initially, sandstorms are detected when the wind speed exceeds a predetermined threshold. Then, the tracker adjusts its position based on wind direction data to reduce exposure and prevent damage. The system will resume regular tracking once the wind speed drops below the specified threshold. Our research indicates that positioning the tracker at a 20° angle and exposing it to the wind at an attack angle of 100° can reduce wind pressure on solar panels and minimize dust accumulation, thereby safeguarding the panels during sandstorms. The results show that the proposed tracking system consumed only 0.26–2.24% of the generated energy throughout the day, which is lower than other solar tracking systems and protective mechanisms. This efficient design has the potential to influence the future of photovoltaic (PV) systems and contribute to climate change adaptation and the economic feasibility of PV systems in desert environments.

KEYWORDS:

• Desert environments
• solar power generation
• solar tracking
• wind data
• sandstorm-resistant

Nomenclature

Aref	=	Reference area
Azimuth	=	Azimuth angle of the Sun
CD	=	Drag force coefficient
CFN	=	Normal force coefficient
CL	=	Lift force coefficient
D	=	Characteristic length scale
Dg	=	Grain diameter of sand
Elev	=	Elevation angle of the Sun
FD	=	Drag force
Flow	=	Flow correction for wind direction
FN	=	Normal force
fw	=	Wind velocity probability distribution function
Fx	=	Force in the horizontal direction
Fy	=	Lift force
K	=	Shape parameter of the wind velocity distribution
Q	=	Sand transport rate
u→	=	Horizontal wind component in the eastward direction
u*t	=	Threshold wind velocity
ui	=	Magnitude of wind speed
URV	=	Magnitude of wind velocity vector
V	=	Wind speed
v→	=	Horizontal wind component in the northward direction
VH	=	Horizontal wind speed
Β	=	Angle of attack
Θ	=	Tilt angle of the solar panel
θi	=	Wind direction angle
ΘRV	=	Wind direction
Λ	=	Scale parameter of the wind velocity distribution
Ρ	=	Air density
ρair	=	Density of air
ρsand	=	Density of sand

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Remote Control Systems Laboratory at University of Blida 1, for their support in publishing this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the no funding associated with the work [NA].

Notes on contributors

Khadidja Dahli

Khadidja Dahli is a PhD student specializing in Automatic and Systems at the prestigious Electrical and Remote Control Systems Laboratory, University of Blida 1, Algeria. Her research focuses on advancing the energy efficiency of photovoltaic systems, aiming to enhance their performance and sustainability.

Nawal Cheggaga

Cheggaga Nawal, on the other hand, holds a PhD degree since 2012 and possesses extensive expertise in leading university projects. She serves as the distinguished leader of the solar systems characterization team at LabSET. Additionally, she holds a prominent position as a member of the scientific council within the electronics department at the esteemed University of Blida 1. Her contributions and guidance significantly impact the field of electronics and academia at large.