Conclusion

Abstract

The underlying structure, incentives and costs shaping international relations, state behaviour and the nature of power are profoundly different today to how they were in the past, in ways that are scarcely recognised and widely misunderstood. For much of history, world politics was marked by profound scarcity in resources, information and security. A series of historical revolutions has largely tamed this scarcity in ways few could have imagined. These revolutions, however, have generated new, potentially catastrophic challenges for the world – the problems of plenty.

In this Adelphi book, Francis J. Gavin argues that the institutions, practices, theories and policies that helped explain and largely tamed scarcity by generating massive prosperity, and which were sometimes used to justify punishing conquest, are often unsuitable for addressing the problems of plenty. Successful grand strategy in this new age of abundance requires new thinking. New conceptual lenses, innovative policies and processes, and transformed institutions will be essential for confronting and solving the problems of plenty, without undermining the expanding efforts against scarcity.

Notes

96 Thomas Hobbes, in William Molesworth (ed.), The English Works of Thomas Hobbes (London: John Bohn, 1839), vol. III, 154. The full title of the 1651 publication was Leviathan or The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil.

97 Parker, Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century, Part I: ‘The Placenta of the Crisis’.