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Articles

Metalinguistic awareness in Spanish partial immersion and English-only elementary students

Habilidades metalingüísticas de estudiantes de primaria en inmersión parcial en español y monolingües

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Pages 29-44 | Received 12 Aug 2022, Accepted 02 Apr 2023, Published online: 27 Apr 2023
 

ABSTRACT

This study compares metalinguistic awareness of students in a one-way partial Spanish immersion (IMM) program to that of their English-only (ENG) counterparts at the same school. Students in grades 3 and 5 from each program completed a sentence grammaticality judgment task in English delivered orally. Measures of IMM students’ Spanish proficiency were included to examine the relationship between L2 Spanish ability and metalinguistic awareness. Grade 5 IMM students outperformed ENG students on the grammatically anomalous sentences, but no difference was found at grade 3. For the semantically anomalous sentences, IMM students outperformed their ENG counterparts at grade 3, but the reverse was true for grade 5. In summary, IMM studentś performance on the anomalous sentence tasks did not show a robust bilingual advantage when compared to their ENG students at the same school, nor did there appear to be a strong relationship between L2 Spanish proficiency level and metalinguistic awareness.

RESUMEN

Este estudio compara las habilidades metalingüísticas de estudiantes de inmersión parcial en español (IMM) con los de sus compañeros en el programa monolingüe (ENG). Estudiantes de tercer y quinto grado de cada programa completaron unas pruebas de juicio de gramaticalidad de oraciones en inglés. También se incluyeron los resultados de exámenes estandarizados de español. Los estudiantes de inmersión de quinto grado superaron de manera significativa a los del programa monolingüe en las oraciones agramaticales, pero no hubo diferencia entre los dos grupos del tercer grado. Con las oraciones gramaticales y asemánticas, los de inmersión sobrepasaron a los del programa monolingüe en el tercer grado y lo inverso sucedió en el quinto grado. En resumen, los estudiantes de inmersión parcial no demostraron una clara ventaja en comparación con los del programa monolingüe de inglés en las pruebas de juicio de gramaticalidad. Tampoco se pudo establecer una relación significativa entre el español y las habilidades metalingüísticas.

Notes

1 The University of Kentucky’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this research protocol under the number 14-0257-P4S. Readers interested in the exact nature of participant recruitment and consent are invited to contact the researchers for further details.

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