Polyploidy and new chromosome counts in Pseudognaphalium Kirp. (Compositae: Gnaphalieae)

Figures & data

Table 1. Available chromosome counts for the genus Pseudognaphalium, with indication of the relevant publication references and of the geographic area of the species. North America here refers to the American part of the Boreal Kingdom. Central America here refers to the area from Guatemala and Belize to Panama.

Species	Geographic area	2n	References
Pseudognaphalium affine (D. Don) Anderb.	Asia	14	Arano 1956 [sub Gnaphalium affine D. Don]; King 1965^a [sub Gnaphalium luteoalbum subsp. affine (D. Don) Koster]; Shetty 1967 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum subsp. affine]; Hsu 1970 ^a [sub G. affine]; Karna Mallick et al. 2011 [sub G. affine]; Gupta et al. 2017 [sub G. affine]
Pseudognaphalium arizonicum (A. Gray) Anderb.	North America and Mexico	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium attenuatum (DC.) Anderb.	Mexico and Central America	28	Turner and King 1964 ^a [sub Gnaphalium cf. attenuatum DC.]; Keil and Stuessy 1977 ^a [sub G. cf. attenuatum]; Lane and Li 1993 ^a [P. attenuatum var. sylvicola Hinojosa & Villaseñor, sub Gnaphalium schraderi DC.]^b
Pseudognaphalium beneolens (Davidson) Anderb.	North America	14	Keil and Pinkava 1976 ^a [sub Gnaphalium beneolens DC.]
Pseudognaphalium californicum (DC.) Anderb.	North America	28	Keil et al. 1988 ^a [sub Gnaphalium californicum DC.]
Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC.) Anderb.	North America and Mexico	28	Keil and Pinkava 1976 ^a [sub Gnaphalium canescens DC.]; Keil et al. 1988 ^a [sub G. canescens]; Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub G. canescens]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium chartaceum (Greenm.) Anderb.	Mexico	28	Keil and Stuessy 1977 ^a [sub Gnaphalium cf. chartaceum Greenm.]; Turner and Zhao 1992 [sub G. chartaceum]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium cheiranthifolium (Lam.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt	South America	28	Hunziker et al. 1990 ^a [sub Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam.]; Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub G. cheiranthifolium]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium conoideum Anderb.	Mexico	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium cymatoides (Kuntze ex DC.) Anderb.	South America	14*	This work
Pseudognaphalium dombeyanum (DC.) Anderb.	South America	28	Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub Gnaphalium dombeyana DC.]
Pseudognaphalium elegans (Kunth) Kartesz	Mexico, Central and South America	28	Powell and King 1969 ^a [sub Gnaphalium cf. elegans Kunth]; Jansen et al. 1984 ^a [sub G. elegans]; Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub G. elegans]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium gaudichaudianum (DC.) Anderb.	South America	28	Hunziker et al. 1990 ^a [sub Gnaphalium gaudichaudianum DC.]
Pseudognaphalium graveolens (Kunth) Anderb.	South America	28	Powell and Cuatrecasas 1970 ^a [sub Gnaphalium graveolens Kunth]
Pseudognaphalium greenmanii (S.F. Blake) Anderb.	Mexico	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium heterotrichum (Phil.) Anderb.	South America	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium hypoleucum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt	Asia	14	Arano 1963 [sub Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC.]; Bala and Gupta 2013 ^a [sub G. hypoleucum]
		28	Hsu 1970 ^a [sub G. hypoleucum]
Pseudognaphalium jaliscense (Greenm.) Anderb.	Mexico	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum (A. Gray) Anderb.	North America, Mexico	28	Keil et al. 1988 ^a [sub Gnaphalium leucocephalum A. Gray]
Pseudognaphalium liebmannii (Sch. Bip. ex Klatt) Anderb.	Mexico and Central America	28	Beaman et al. 1962 [sub Gnaphalium vulcanicum I.M. Johnst.]
		28*	This work [P. liebmannii var. liebmannii]
		28*	This work [P. liebmannii var. monticola (McVaugh) Hinojosa & Villaseñor
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt	Sub-cosmopolitan	14	Mehra et al. 1965 ^a [sub Gnaphalium luteoalbum L.]; Raj 1965 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Gadella and Kliphuis 1966a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Turner 1970 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Fernandes and Queiros 1971 [sub G. luteoalbum]; Love and Kjellqvist 1974 [sub G. luteoalbum]; Groves 1977 [sub G. luteoalbum]; Keil and Pinkava 1981 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]: Kockx-Van Roon and Wieffering 1982^A [sub G. luteoalbum]; Ruíz De Clavijo 1990 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Morton 1993 [sub G. luteoalbum]; Vogt and Oberprieler 1993; Dempsey et al. 1994 [sub G. luteoalbum]; Vogt and Oberprieler 1994; Razaq et al. 1994 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Dawson and Beuzenberg 2000; De Lange et al. 2004 ^a; Gosavi et al. 2012 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]; Bala and Gupta 2013 [sub G. luteoalbum]
		14*	This work
		16	Gill and Omoigui 1987 ^a [sub G. luteoalbum]
		20	Subramanian 1987 [sub G. luteoalbum]
		28	Vogt and Aparicio 1999
Pseudognaphalium melanosphaeroides (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Anderb.	South America	28	Fernández-Casas and Fernández-Piqueras 1981 ^a [sub Gnaphalium melanosphaeroides Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.]
Pseudognaphalium microcephalum (Nutt.) Anderb.	North America	28	Powell et al. 1974 [sub Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt.]; Morton 1981 [sub G. microcephalum]
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burt	North America	28	Smith 1969 [sub Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.]
Pseudognaphalium oxyphyllum (DC.) Kirp. var. oxyphyllum	Mexico and Central America	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium purpurascens (DC.) Anderb.	Mexico	40	Carr et al. 1999 ^a [sub Gnaphalium purpurascens DC.]
Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum (Nutt.) Anderb.	North America	28	Keil and Pinkava 1976 ^a [sub Gnaphalium ramosissimum Nutt.]
Pseudognaphalium semilanatum (DC.) Anderb.	Mexico	28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium stramineum (Kunth) Anderb.	North America, Mexico and Central America	28	Sundberg and Dillon 1986 ^a [sub Gnaphalium stramineum Kunth]; Keil and Stuessy 1977 ^a [sub G. stramineum]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium undulatum (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt	Southern Africa and Madagascar	14*	This work
Pseudognaphalium viravira (Molina) Anderb.	South America	28	Spooner et al. 1987 ^a [sub Gnaphalium viravira Molina]
		28*	This work
Pseudognaphalium viscosum (Kunth) Anderb.	North America, Mexico and Central America	14	Turner et al. 1962 ^a [sub Gnaphalium leptophyllum DC.]
		14*	This work

*Newly obtained chromosome counts reported in the present work.

^aValue inferred from gametophytic count.

^bThis count was based on the herbarium specimen TEX 141,442, collected in Mexico. After examining it, we conclude it belongs to P. attenuatum var. sylvicola and not to G. schraderi, which does not occur in Mexico (Villaseñor 2016).

Figures 1–6. Somatic metaphases in Pseudognaphalium. (1) P. arizonicum, 2n = 28. (2) P. canescens, 2n = 28. (3) P. chartaceum, 2n = 28. (4) P. cheiranthifolium, 2n = 28. (5) P. conoideum, 2n = 28. (6) P. cymatoides, 2n = 14. Scale bars = 20 μm.

Figures 7–12. Somatic metaphases in Pseudognaphalium. (7) P. elegans, 2n = 28. (8) P. greenmanii, 2n = 28. (9) P. heterotrichum, 2n = 28. (10) P. jaliscense, 2n = 28. (11) P. liebmannii var. liebmannii, 2n = 28. (12) P. luteoalbum, 2n = 14. Scale bars = 20 μm.

Figures 13–18. Somatic metaphases in Pseudognaphalium. (13) P. oxyphyllum var. oxyphyllum, 2n = 28. (14) P. semilanatum, 2n = 28. (15) P. stramineum, 2n = 28. (16) P. undulatum, 2n = 14. (17) P. viravira, 2n = 28. (18) P. viscosum, 2n = 14. Scale bars = 20 μm.

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