Formalization of annual performance feedback and employees’ job satisfaction in the SME context

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental design and timeline.

Note: Number of employees in brackets. An overview of all constructs and variables asked appears in Table A1 in the Appendix.

Figure 2. Job satisfication and annual performance feedback.

Note: Whiskers indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Table 1. Job satisfaction and annual performance feedback.

	Dependent variable: Job satisfaction
	Employees receiving APF with a …
	… high degree of formalization			… low degree of formalization
Independent variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Treatment (1 if APF received)	−0.60***	−0.67***	−0.61***	0.68***	0.51***	0.56**
	(0.20)	(0.19)	(0.22)	(0.21)	(0.19)	(0.23)
Feedback related controls
Informal feedback environment		−0.08	−0.07		0.10	0.09
		(0.23)	(0.22)		(0.20)	(0.21)
Individual feedback orientation		0.28	0.24		0.09	0.06
		(0.18)	(0.21)		(0.15)	(0.17)
Satisfaction with APF		0.47***	0.40**		0.24	0.22
		(0.17)	(0.17)		(0.24)	(0.27)
Socio-demographic controls
Gender (1 if female)			−0.01			0.10
			(0.21)			(0.22)
Age			−0.00			−0.02
			(0.01)			(0.01)
Martial status (1 if married)			0.32*			0.03
			(0.17)			(0.22)
Job related controls
Organizational tenure			−0.03			−0.02
			(0.03)			(0.03)
Income (1 if above median)			−0.23			−0.02
			(0.20)			(0.22)
Job security			0.15*			0.28**
			(0.09)			(0.14)
Constant	0.20	−1.88**	−1.37	−0.23	−1.20	−0.48
	(0.13)	(0.79)	(0.95)	(0.18)	(1.19)	(1.11)
Observations	88	88	84	78	78	73
R^2	0.09	0.37	0.43	0.11	0.23	0.31

Note: OLS regression coefficients (standard errors in parentheses) predicting job satisfaction (z-Score) are displayed in this table. Model 1 to 3 show the data of the employees receiving APF with high degree of formalization; model 4 to 6 show the data of the employees receiving APF with low degree of formalization. Significance indicators: ***p < .01, **p < .05, *p < .1.

Figure 3. Job satisfaction, annual performance feedback, and individuals feedback orientation.

Note: Whiskers indicate 95% confidence intervals.

Table 2. Job satisfaction, annual performance feedback, and individual feedback orientation.

	Dependent variable
	Job satisfaction
Independent variables	(1)	(2)	(3)
1 if APF with low degree of formalization	0.17	−0.11	−0.16
	(0.15)	(0.27)	(0.26)
Individual feedback orientation (1 if above-median)	0.40***	0.14	−0.23
	(0.15)	(0.21)	(0.19)
APF with low degree of formalization × Individual feedback orientation		0.56*	0.69**
		(0.30)	(0.30)
Informal feedback environment			−0.02
			(0.14)
Satisfaction with APF			0.43***
			(0.15)
Sociodemographic controls
Gender (1 if female)			−0.02
			(0.15)
Age			−0.01
			(0.01)
Marital status			0.19
			(0.15)
Job related controls
Organizational tenure			−0.03
			(0.02)
Income (1 if above median)			−0.16
			(0.14)
Job security			0.21***
			(0.07)
Constant	−0.28*	−0.15	−1.28*
	(0.15)	(0.18)	(0.70)
Observations	166	166	157
R^2	0.05	0.07	0.30

Note: OLS regression coefficients (standard errors in parentheses) predicting job satisfaction (z-Score) are displayed in this table. Models include the data from both groups. Significance indicators: ***p < .01, **p < .05, *p < .1.