Effectiveness of the Step-by-Step Interpersonal Adaptation Program for Patients with Severe and Chronic Schizophrenia Who Experience Extreme Difficulty in Social Participation (SIAP-SCS): A Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1. The five steps in the Step-by-step Interpersonal Adaptation Program for patients with Severe and Chronic Schizophrenia who experience extreme difficulty in social participation (SIAP-SCS).

Table 2. Participant characteristics (N = 20).

Age (Mean ± SD)		40.90 ± 8.70
Sex (Men: Women)		11:9
Mean age of onset (years)		24.25 ± 6.17
Marital status	Single	16
	Married	2
	Divorced	2
	Widower	0
Household members	Parents	17
	Spouse	1
	Living alone	2
Education level	Junior high school	0
	High school	10
	University or vocational school	9
	Graduate school	1

Table 3. Number and duration of the SIAP-SCS participation.

	Mean ± SD
Number of participation (times)	157.45 ± 142.76
Duration of participation (months)	31.65 ± 17.12

SIAP-SCS: Step-by-step Interpersonal Adaptation Program for patients with Severe and Chronic Schizophrenia who experience extreme difficulty in social participation.

Table 4. Social participation, social function, psychiatric symptoms, and anxiety.

		Pre-SIAP-SCS	Post-SIAP-SCS (>6 months)	P-value
Social participation Whether they are working, attending school, or utilizing social resources (Yes: No) ^＋		0:20	13:7	<0.01
The amount of time spent outside their homes per week (min)^♯※		342.13 ± 291.19	847.75 ± 711.10	<0.01
Reported number of people they are connected with^♯※		5.15 ± 3.88	8.60 ± 6.21	<0.01
GAF^♯†		47.20 ± 13.07	55.70 ± 15.52	<0.01
PANSS^♯	Positive scale^※	17.65 ± 6.78	16.20 ± 7.05	0.02
	Negative scale^†	20.85 ± 5.19	18.35 ± 5.38	0.02
	General psychopathology scale^†	41.35 ± 9.99	35.65 ± 10.19	0.02
	Total^※	79.85 ± 18.51	70.20 ± 20.54	<0.01
STAI-J(T-score)^♯	State anxiety^†	47.10 ± 11.71	45.85 ± 10.56	0.56
	Trait anxiety^†	55.25 ± 8.64	52.25 ± 7.73	0.09

SIAP-SCS: Step-by-step Interpersonal Adaptation Program for patients with Severe and Chronic Schizophrenia who experience extreme difficulty in social participation; GAF: the Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS: the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; STAI-J: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ.

^♯ : mean ± SD;.

⁺ : McNemar’s test;.

^※ : Wilcoxon signed-rank test;.

^† : a paired t-test.

Table 5. Differences in the number and duration of the SIAP-SCS participation based on social participation (N = 20).

	Social participation (+) (Employed, in school, or utilizing social resources) (n = 13) (Mean ± SD)	Social participation (-) (Unemployed, in school, or utilizing social resources) (n = 7) (Mean ± SD)	P-value
Number of participation in the SIAP-SCS (times)	205.38 ± 152.84	68.43 ± 59.92	0.03
Duration of participation in the SIAP-SCS (months)	36.62 ± 15.39	22.43 ± 17.37	0.08

SIAP-SCS: Step-by-step Interpersonal Adaptation Program for patients with Severe and Chronic Schizophrenia who experience extreme difficulty in social participation.

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.