Decoding the image of island urban sprawl: insights from the Indonesian archipelago

Figure 2. Dimensions and metrics of multidimensional sprawl indicators.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Figure 3. Positioning of Island/Archipelago Spatial Plan in Indonesia’s Planning System.

(Source: Author’s own analysis, adapted from Hudalah and Woltjer (Citation2007)).

Table 2. Case study areas.

Figure 4. Case study areas: 15 Island Cities/Towns.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Table 3. Data, sources and types.

Figure 5. Distribution of settlement areas in 15 island cities/Towns.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Table 4. Classification of morphological settlement zone grouped into categories.

Table 5. Density dimension calculation summary.

Table 6. Composition dimension calculation summary.

Figure 6. Settlement Land Uses Characteristics in 15 Island Cities/Towns.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Table 7. Configuration dimension calculation summary.

Figure 7. Configuration Dimension.

Notes: NPA: Number of Patches (none), PD: Patch Density (number per 100 Ha); ED: Edge Density (m per Ha); GPA: Greatest Patch Area (Ha); LPI: Largest Patch Index (%); LSI: Landscape Shape Index (LSI ≥ 1); MPS: Mean Patch Size; GYR: Mean Radius of Gyration (m); ENN: Euclidean Nearest Neighbor (m); PCI: Patch Cohesion Index (0<cohesion<100); AI: Aggregation Index (%)

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Figure 8. Radar chart multidimensional sprawl assessment.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Table 8. Urban sprawl index calculation summary.

Figure 9. Correlation Matrix.

(Source: Author’s own analysis). NPA: Number of Patches (none), PD: Patch Density (number per 100 Ha); ED: Edge Density (m per Ha); GPA: Greatest Patch Area (Ha); LPI: Largest Patch Index (%); LSI: Landscape Shape Index (LSI >= 1); MPS: Mean Patch Size; GYR: Mean Radius of Gyration (m); ENN: Euclidian Nearest Neighbor (m); PCI: Patch Cohesion Index (0<cohesion<100); AI: Aggregation Index (%)

Table 9. Welch’s ANOVA test calculation summary.

Display Table

Figure 10. Post-Hoc Analysis.

(Source: Author’s own analysis).

Figure 11. Urban built-up share comparison with Asian Island Cities.

(Source: Author’s own analysis based on (OECD, Citation2014) data).

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