Enhancing MIMO Antenna Isolation with Novel Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structure and Genetic Algorithm Optimization

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison table of literature work.

Paper	Method	Application	Advantages	Limitations
Maimouni, Abou El Majd, and Bouya (2022)	Hybrid AI algorithms	RFID network planning (RNP)	Minimizes the need for initial parameters	Lack of verification of simulation results
Verma et al. (2023)	PIFA design with miniaturized AMC	WLAN, satellite uplink C-band, sub-6 5G applications	High gain, low SAR, improved FBR	Limited band coverage
Kulkarni et al. (2022)	CP MIMO antenna design using CROS and stubs	Wireless communication	Wide impedance and axial ratio bandwidths	Complexity of design
Alharbi et al. (2022)	Multiband monopole antenna with slots	5G, IEEE 802.11ac/ax, satellite applications.	Small size, desirable isolation, wide operating bands.	Limited gain and efficiency across bands
Tran et al. (2023)	Dual-band MIMO antenna with PDSS	5G Sub-6 GHz, Wi-Fi 6E	Low mutual coupling, compact size, meets industry	Dependence on industry standards for validation

Figure 1. 5G structure with MIMO antenna.

Figure 2. Proposed MIMO model with EBG. (a) MIMO. (b) Structure of EBG.

Figure 3. GA flowchart.

Figure 4. Design steps for MIMI-5G networks using genetic algorithm.

Table 2. Recommended antenna parameters.

Factor	Rate (mm)	Factor	Rate (mm)
$\mathrm{L}$	55	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{A}}$	1.32
W	22	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{B}}$	0.
$F_L$	12.15	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{c}}$	3.
${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{w}1}$	0.98	${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{A}}$	3.
${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{W}2}$	2.5	${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{B}}$	5.
${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{A}}$	14	${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{C}}$	7.
${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}$	7.5	${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{D}}$	7
${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{B}}$	12	${\mathrm{G}}_{\mathrm{E}}$	4
$\mathrm{C}$	1.6	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{A}}$	1
${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{w}1}$	1	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{L}1}$	2
${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{w}2}$	0.9	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{L}2}$	11
${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{w}3}$	21	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{L}3}$	13
${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{w}4}$	2	$\mathit{\hspace{0.17em}}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{LA}}$	4
${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathit{w}5}$	1	$\mathrm{R}$	1.5

Figure 5. Isolation Co-efficient.

Table 3. Critical aspects of antenna functionality.

Parameters	With EBG	Without EBG
Bandwidth	$290\mathrm{MHz}$	$270\mathrm{MHz}$
Gain	$7.88\mathrm{dBi}$	$7.66\mathrm{dBi}$

Figure 6. Isolation coefficients.

Table 4. Critical aspects of antenna functionality.

Parameters	With EBG	Without EBG
Bandwidth	$290\mathrm{MHz}$	$270\mathrm{MHz}$
Gain	$7.88\mathrm{dBi}$	$7.66\mathrm{dBi}$

Figure 7. Simulated radiation pattern for with and without EBG structure (a). 22GHz, (b). 23GHz, (c). 24GHz, (d). 25GHz, (e). 26GHz, and (f). 27GHz.

Figure 8. Correlation coefficient vs. Frequency.

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Verma, A., R. K. Arya, R. Bhattacharya, and S. N. Raghava. 2023. Compact PIFA antenna with high gain and low SAR using AMC for WLAN/C-band/5G applications. IETE Journal of Research 69 (7):4422–32. doi:10.1080/03772063.2021.1945958.

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Tran, V., T. K. Dhasarathan, J. Garner, B. A. Kulkarni, Y. Li, and Y. Li. 2023. Mutual coupling reduction in dual-band MIMO antenna using parasitic dollar-shaped structure for modern wireless communication. IEEE Access 11:5617–28. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235761.

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Data availability statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.