Firms’ green knowledge sharing and tourists’ green electronic word-of-mouth intention: a two-wave time-lagged study of moderated mediation model

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework.

Table 1. Results of the confirmation factor analyses.

Model	χ²	df	ΔΧ²	RMSEA	SRMR	CFI	TLI
Five-factor model: GKS; SNP; GCE; WG; GEW	368.533	265		0.022	0.033	0.999	0.999
Four-factor model: GKS + SNP; GCE; WG; GEW	1961.274	269	1592.741***	0.089	0.069	0.989	0.987
Three-factor model: GKS; SNP + GCE + WG; GEW	9698.721	272	9330.188***	0.208	0.171	0.937	0.931
Two-factor model: GKS + SNP + GCE + WG; GEW	18329.082	274	17960.549***	0.287	0.244	0.879	0.868
One-factor model: All variables combined	19964.323	275	19595.790***	0.300	0.248	0.869	0.857

Note:***p < 0.001.

Table 2. Evaluation of the measurement model.

		Convergent validity		Internal consistency reliability		HTMT
Constructs	Items	Loadings	AVE	CR	CA	GKS	SNP	WG	GCE	GEW
Firms’ green knowledge sharing on social media (GKS)	GKS1	0.770	0.649	0.912	0.910
	GKS2	0.793
	GKS3	0.775
	GKS4	0.826
	GKS5	0.840
	GKS6	0.809
	GKS7	0.825
Social network proneness (SNP)	SNP1	0.811	0.653	0.868	0.831	0.506
	SNP2	0.843
	SNP3	0.775
	SNP4	0.801
Warm glow (WG)	WG1	0.715	0.722	0.935	0.935	0.258	0.125
	WG2	0.877
	WG3	0.862
	WG4	0.887
	WG5	0.857
	WG6	0.892
	WG7	0.847
Green customer engagement (GCE) behavior for sharing knowledge online with firms	GCE1	0.885	0.782	0.907	0.907	0.226	0.141	0.507
	GCE2	0.875
	GCE3	0.882
	GCE4	0.895
Green electronic word-of-mouth (GEW) intention	GEW1	0.891	0.805	0.880	0.879	0.232	0.148	0.595	0.706
	GEW2	0.907
	GEW3	0.894

Table 3. Mediating effect.

	Meditation models
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Variable	Coff.(SE)	Coff.(SE)	Coff.(SE)	Conclusion
Gender(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.115(0.060)	−0.096(0.055)	−0.088(0.052)
Age(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.033(0.032)	−0.054(0.030)	−0.030(0.028)
Education(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.062(0.032)	−0.020(0.030)	−0.021(0.028)
GKS(X)->WG(M1)	0.240(0.034)***		0.240(0.034)***
WG(M1)->GEW(Y)	0.537(0.030)***		0.313(0.029)***
GKS(X)->GCE(M2)		0.206(0.035)***	0.206(0.035)***
GCE(M2)->GEW(Y)		0.626(0.028)***	0.480(0.029)***
SNP(W)->WG(M1)
SNP(W)->GCE(M2)
GKSxSNP(W)->WG(M1)
GKSxSNP(W)->GCE(M2)
R-sq of GEW(Y)	0.300	0.402	0.478
F of GEW(Y)	85.129***	133.412***	145.219***
Indirect effect of X on Y	Effect(BootSE) [Boot95%CI]
H1:GKS->WG(M1)->GEW	0.129(0.021) [0.089;0.171]		0.075(0.014) [0.049;0.105]	Supported
H2:GKS->GCE(M2)->GEW		0.129(0.024) [0.083;0.178]	0.099(0.020) [0.062;0.140]	Supported

Note: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; C = control variable; X = independent variable; Y = independent variable; M = mediator variable; CI = confidence interval.

Table 4. Moderated mediation effect.

	Moderated meditation models
	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Variable	Coff.(SE)	Coff.(SE)	Coff.(SE)	Conclusion
Gender(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.115(0.059)	−0.096(0.055)	−0.088(0.052)
Age(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.033(0.032)	−0.054(0.030)	−0.030(0.028)
Education(C)->GEW(Y)	−0.062(0.032)	−0.020(0.030)	−0.021(0.028)
GKS(X)->WG(M1)	0.235(0.039)***		0.235(0.039)***
WG(M1)->GEW(Y)	0.537(0.030)***		0.313(0.029)***
GKS(X)->GCE(M2)		0.196(0.039)***	0.196(0.039)***
GCE(M2)->GEW(Y)		0.626(0.028)***	0.480(0.029)***
SNP(W)->WG(M1)	0.017(0.038)		0.017(0.038)
SNP(W)->GCE(M2)		0.051(0.039)	0.051(0.039)
GKSxSNP(W)->WG(M1)	0.015(0.030)		0.015(0.030)
GKSxSNP(W)->GCE(M2)		0.064(0.030)*	0.064(0.030)*
R-sq of GEW(Y)	0.300	0.402	0.478
F of GEW(Y)	85.129***	133.412***	145.219***
Index of moderated mediation	Index(BootSE) [Boot95%CI]
H3:SNP moderates (GKS->WG->GEW)	0.008(0.017) [-0.026;0.043]		0.005(0.010) [-0.015;0.025]	Rejected
H4:SNP moderates (GKS->GCE->GEW)		0.040(0.020) [0.001;0.079]	0.030(0.015) [0.001;0.061]	Supported

Note:***p < 0.001;**p < 0.01;*p < 0.05; W = Moderating variable.

Figure 2. The moderating effect of SNP on the association that connects GKS and GCE behavior.