The Quality 4.0 Roadmap: Designing a capability roadmap toward quality management in Industry 4.0

Figures & data

Table 1. Search string definition.

"Quality 4.0"	–	"Quality 4.0"
"Quality" OR "Quality Management"	AND	"Digital" OR "Digital Transformation" OR "Fourth Industrial Revolution" OR "Industrial Revolution" OR "Technology"
"Industry 4.0" OR "Industry 5.0"	AND	"Digital Quality" OR "Quality" OR "Quality Approaches" OR "Quality Assurance" OR "Quality Control" OR "Quality Culture" OR "Quality Management" OR "Quality Principles" OR "Quality Tools"
"Industry 4.0" OR "Quality 4.0"	AND	"Maturity Model" OR "Maturity Assessment" OR "Readiness Assessment"

Figure 1. Capability levels used in the conceptual model.

Table 2. The Quality 4.0 capability roadmap—2nd layer.

Table 3. The Quality 4.0 capability roadmap—2nd layer.

Table

		Structural areas
Model	Research area and source	Technology	Product and Services Lifecycle	Operations	Customer Focus	Organization	Leadership	Culture	Strategy	People	QM approaches	Maturity Scale	Validation method	Contribution and limitations
IMPULS: Industrie 4.0 readiness (Lichtblau et al. 2015)	Industry 4.0 transition; Consultancy firm.	x	x	x		x			x	x	x	Six-scale (0–5)	Survey	Assessment of organizational readiness for the I4.0 transition and offers insights into improvement; Online self-assessment tool; The model’s primary focus is on operational excellence, not organizational excellence.
Industry 4.0 Maturity Model (Schumacher et al. 2016)	Industry 4.0; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	Five-scale (1–5)	Case-study in industrial enterprise	Maturity items developed through experts survey, and the results serve as a basis for automatically calculating the maturity items’ weights by a software tool; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; Lack of details regarding maturity items, survey assessment, and maturity stages.
PwC maturity model (Reinhard, Jesper, and Stefan 2016)	Digital maturity; Consultancy Firm.	x	x		x	x		x			x	Four-scale (1–4)	Survey	Assessment of organizational readiness for the I4.0 transition and serve as a roadmap; Focus on the digitalization of industrial capabilities across the organization; Online self-assessment tool; Lack of details regarding maturity assessment and identification of maturity stage.
Asset Performance Management Maturity Model (APM) (Dennis et al. 2017)	Asset performance and Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x		x		x		x		x	x	Five-scale (1–5) of maturity for each dimension	–	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Only offers a detailed view of asset performance.
DREAMY- Digital Readiness Assessment Maturity Model (Carolis et al. 2017)	Process-based Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x		x					x	Five-scale (1–5)	Survey	Focus on a process-based approach; Encompasses quality practices; Lack of details regarding maturity items and assessment.
Industry 4 readiness assessment tool (Agca et al. 2017)	Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	Four-scale (1–4)	Survey	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; Lack of details regarding maturity assessment and identification of maturity stage.
Industry 4.0-MM (Gökalp, Şener, and Eren 2017)	Industry 4.0; Academic.	x	x	x		x		x	x	x	x	Six–scale (0–5)	Not validated	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Transversal to a vast number of organizational capabilities.
Quality 4.0 Impact And Strategy Handbook (Jacob 2017)	Quality 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x	x	–	Partial validation by use cases	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the Q4.0 transition; Centered on quality methods; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; Lack of a detailed roadmap to the Q4.0 transition.
The Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index (Singapore Smart Industry Readiness EDB 2017)	Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		Five-scale (0–5) of maturity for each dimension	Expert panel and case study in a group of industrial organizations.	Assessment of the organization’s readiness in the I4.0 transition and insights on how to start, how to improve, and how to sustain growth; Online self-assessment tool; The Index does not offer a specific evaluation scale.
Deloitte Digital Maturity Model (Anderson and Ellerby 2018)	Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x		x	x	x	x	x	x	x		Not Provided	Case-study	Design took into account key contributions from Industry and subject matter experts; Focused on technology and organizational capabilities; - Lack of details regarding sub-dimensions, individual criteria, maturity assessment process, and scale.
Industry 4.0 maturity framework (Bibby and Dehe 2018)	Implementation of Industry 4.0 technology; Academic.	x	x	x		x		x	x	x		Four-scale (1–4)	Case study on defense manufacturing organization	-Focused on the implementation of I4.0 technology at the operational stage; Lack of details regarding the maturity scale.
Readiness for Industry 4.0 (Horvat et al. 2018)	Industry 4.0 in emerging economies; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		Not Provided	A survey in the manufacturing sector	Assessment of the organization’s readiness in the I4.0 transition; Focused on automation and digitization of processes throughout the organization; Lack of details regarding the assessment of the readiness stage.
Smart Industry Roadmap Model (The Industry Working Group (IWG) 2018)	Human-touch aspects of I4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	–	Not specified	Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; Aims to contribute to the human-touch aspects of I4.0; Although it is labeled as a roadmap, the model was designed to contribute to the definition of strategic research directions for the coming 10-15 years.
Maturity and Readiness Model for Industry 4.0 Strategy (Akdil et al. 2018)	Industry 4.0; Academic.	x	x	x					x	x		Four-scale (0–3)	Survey	Assessment of the organization’s readiness and maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities.
The Strategic Roadmap for Industry 4.0 transition (Morteza 2018)	Industry 4.0 strategies; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x			x	x		–	Not specified	Offers a general view that can be used as a starting point to define detailed strategies for organizational excellence; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities.
Quality 4.0 maturity framework (Armani et al. 2021)	Quality 4.0 maturity assessment; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x	x	Five-scale (1–5)	Case-studies	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the Q4.0 transition; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; Based on the 11 Axes of Quality 4.0 from (Jacob 2017).
Industry maturity model (Santos and Martinho 2019)	Industry 4.0; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x			x	x		Six-scale (0–5)	Survey and case-study in the automotive industry	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a Roadmap strategy; Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities.
Integrated Industry 4.0 - Total Quality Management framework (Sader, Husti, and Daróczi 2019)	TQM and Industry 4.0; Academic.	x		x	x		x	x	x	x	x	–	Not specified	Transversal to an extended number of organizational capabilities; A quantitative method for maturity evaluation is pointed as future work.
Industry 4.0 maturity assessment (Schumacher, Nemeth, and Sihn 2019)	Industry 4.0 roadmap assessment; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x		Not Provided	Survey and workshop	Assessment of organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers a step-by-step approach to a roadmap definition; Maturity items developed through experts survey, and the results serve as a basis for automatically calculating the maturity items’ weights by a software tool; Lack of details regarding survey assessment and maturity stages.
Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index—Update (Schuh et al. 2020)	Industry 4.0; Consultancy Firm.	x	x	x		x		x		x		Five-scale (1–6) of maturity for each dimension	Survey and case study in different industries organizations	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Lack of details regarding the survey, which is used to address the capabilities.
Industry 4.0 maturity model (Wagire et al. 2020)	Industry 4.0; Academic.	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	Four-scale (1–4)	A case study in the area of mobility solutions, consumer goods, and technology	Assessment of the organization’s maturity in the I4.0 transition and offers insights to build a roadmap strategy; Technology-focused; Maturity items have different weights.

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Data availability statement

The data supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.