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Research Article

Defining tibial anterior muscle morphology in first-ever chronic stroke patients using three-dimensional freehand ultrasound

ORCID Icon, , , , , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Received 27 Dec 2023, Accepted 17 Mar 2024, Published online: 02 Apr 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of the reliability study design.

Figure 1. Overview of the reliability study design.

Table 1. Overview of in- and exclusion data for stroke patients and healthy age-matched controls.

Figure 2. Overview of acquisition and processing of 3DfUS.

Figure 2. Overview of acquisition and processing of 3DfUS.

Figure 3. Participant flow diagram.

Figure 3. Participant flow diagram.

Table 2. Demographic and anthropometric information of participants. Medians (inter quartile ranges) or frequencies are given.

Table 3. Clinical scales for stroke patients & healthy subjects.

Table 4. Overview of reliability results for tibial anterior normalized muscle volume, normalized muscle length and echo-intensity for stroke patients and healthy controls.

Table 5. Comparisons between leg of stroke patients (affected/non-affected, with/without SMO, with/without TA paresis, with/without contracture) versus left leg of healthy controls (mann-whitney U test).

Table 6. Comparisons between affected versus non-affected leg in stroke patients & between left versus right leg in healthy subjects (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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