Digital leadership in the public sector: a scoping review and outlook

Figures & data

Table 1. Public sector digital transformation capability, competencies, skills and knowledge.

Over-arching Capability	Competencies	Skills, Knowledge, and Ability
Digital Leadership to achieve Digital Transformation	Policy competencies	Understanding and navigation of the complexities of governmental and bureaucratic structures (Getha-Taylor & Lee, 2008; Hu, 2018; Kusanke, Kendziorra, et al., 2023). Managing political pressures, policy constraints, legal requirements, competing demands and public scrutiny (Distel et al., 2019; Khan & Khan, 2019). Providing agile governance mechanisms to inform government scrutiny and minimize risk (Lappi & Aaltonen, 2017; E. L. Valentine, 2016)
	Social competencies	Aptitude to communicate, network, and collaborate effectively in a digital landscape (Clarke, 2020; O’Leary et al., 2012; Tigre et al., 2023) Capacity to integrate technology in the organization’s social context (Lnenicka & Komarkova, 2019; Makasi et al., 2022)
	Technical competencies	Command over relevant digital tools and technologies to bring about digital, information and technology transformation (Kusanke, Pilgenroeder, et al., 2023; Timbrell & Valentine, 2023) Embracing technological advancements and ensuring data privacy, security, and regulatory compliance (Chansukree et al., 2022; Kuziemski & Misuraca, 2020; Shin, 2013)
	Organizational competencies	Ability to organize and mobilize resources to achieve prioritized outcomes in a digital context (Kusanke, Kendziorra, et al., 2023) Knowledge of organizational design, administrative processes, and workflows (Hunnius et al., 2015)
	Management competencies	Ability to envision, lead, manage, and transform the organization in a digitally enabled public sector (Estevez & Janowski, 2013; Khan & Khan, 2019; Kusanke, Kendziorra, et al., 2023). Ability to create public value and strategically achieve policy alignment (M. Tate et al., 2023; Twizeyimana & Andersson, 2019).

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