Protective + Risk Observations For Eliminating Sexual Offense Recidivism (PROFESOR): rationale for development and an initial investigation of reliability

Figures & data

Figure 1. Coding Guideline Examples From The PROFESOR.

Table 1. PROFESOR Factors with Protective and Risk Poles.

Factor name	Protective pole	Risk pole
1. Hope Regarding Healthy Sexual Future	Hopefulness regarding healthy sexual future	Hopelessness regarding healthy sexual future
2. Sexual Environment	Respectful sexual environment	Abuse-supportive sexual environment
3. Sexual Beliefs and Attitudes	Respectful and age-appropriate sexual beliefs/attitudes	Abuse-supportive sexual beliefs/attitudes
4. Sexual Interests—Focus	Respectful sexual interests in age-appropriate partner(s)	Abuse-supportive sexual interests
5. Sexual Interests—Frequency	Balanced sexual interests	Preoccupied/obsessive sexual interests
6. Knowledge of Laws and Procedures For Respectful sexual Relationships	Good awareness of laws and procedures to facilitate respectful sexual relationships	Poor awareness of laws and/or procedures to facilitate respectful sexual relationships
7. Knowledge of Consequences of Sexual Offending	Good awareness of consequences of sexual offending	Poor awareness of consequences of sexual offending
8. Strategies to Prevent Sexual Offending	Appropriate use of reasonable strategies to prevent sexual offending	Lack of use of reasonable strategies to prevent sexual offending
9. Compassion for Others	Compassionate and caring towards others	Callous and/or uncaring towards others
10. General Values and Attitudes	Prosocial values and attitudes	Antisocial values and attitudes
11. Self-Regulation	Good self-regulation	Poor self-regulation
12. Problem Solving	Good problem-solving	Poor problem-solving
13. Responsivity to Guidance and Support	Responsive to reasonable guidance and support	Rejecting of reasonable guidance and support
14. Self-Esteem	Healthy self-esteem	Unhealthy self-esteem
15. Intimacy and Friendship	Emotional intimacy and close friendship with prosocial peer(s)	Lack of emotional intimacy and/or close friendship with prosocial peer
16. Relationship with Parent/Caregiver	Feels close to and supported by a parent/caregiver	Feels distant from and/or rejected by parents/caregivers
17. Parent/Caregiver Practices	Parents/primary caregivers provide warmth and appropriate structure	Parents/primary caregivers fail to provide warmth and/or appropriate structure
18. Engagement in School/Work	Strong commitment to and engagement in school and/or work	Weak commitment to and/or engagement in school and work
19. Engagement in Organized Leisure Activity	Strong commitment to and engagement in organised leisure activity	Weak commitment to and/or engagement in organised leisure activity
20. Living Arrangement	Feels stable and secure in current living arrangement	Feels unstable and/or insecure in current living arrangement

Note. Detailed coding instructions are available in several languages at www.profesor.ca

Table 2. PROFESOR Category Assignment and Interpretation.

Category 1	Category 2	Category 3	Category 4	Category 5
Predominantly Protective	More Protective Than Risk	Predominantly Balanced	More Risk Than Protective	Predominantly Risk
Fewer than 10 Neutral AND 80% or more of non-neutral are Protective	Fewer than 10 Neutral AND more Protective than Risk by at least 3, AND less than 80% of non-neutral are Protective	10 or more Neutral OR Fewer than 10 Neutral AND difference between Protective and Risk of less than 3	Fewer than 10 Neutral AND more Risk than Protective by at least 3, AND less than 80% of non-neutral are Risk	Fewer than 10 Neutral AND 80% or more of non-neutral are Risk
Intensity of intervention required focused on future sexual and relationship health
Very low, if any	Low	Moderate	High	Very high

Table 3. Item-Total Correlations and Distribution of Factors (based on therapist ratings).

PROFESOR Factor	Item-total r	% (n) Protective	% (n) Neutral	% (n) Risk
1. Hope Regarding Healthy Sexual Future	.49***	43.1 (25)	39.7 (23)	17.2 (10)
2. Sexual Environment	.31*	48.3 (28)	50.0 (29)	1.7 (1)
3. Sexual Beliefs and Attitudes	.70***	32.7 (19)	32.7 (19)	34.5 (20)
4. Sexual Interests—focus	.75***	32.7 (19)	32.7 (19)	34.5 (20)
5. Sexual Interests—frequency	.54***	36.2 (21)	39.7 (23)	24.1 (14)
6. Knowledge of Laws and Procedures for Respectful Sexual Relationships	.64***	51.7 (30)	27.6 (16)	20.7 (12)
7. Knowledge of Consequences of Sexual Offending	.76***	51.7 (30)	24.1 (14)	24.1 (14)
8. Strategies to Prevent Sexual Offending	.70***	15.5 (9)	48.3 (28)	36.2 (21)
9. Compassion for Others	.50***	29.3 (17)	48.3 (28)	22.4 (13)
10. General Values and Attitudes	.40**	18.9 (11)	56.9 (33)	24.1 (14)
11. Self-Regulation	.66***	22.4 (13)	39.6 (23)	37.9 (22)
12. Problem Solving	.59***	10.3 (6)	53.4 (31)	36.2 (21)
13. Responsivity to Guidance and Support	.83***	36.2 (21)	36.2 (21)	27.6 (16)
14. Self-Esteem	.45***	13.8 (8)	48.3 (28)	37.9 (22)
15. Intimacy and Friendship	.58***	24.1 (14)	34.5 (20)	41.4 (24)
16. Relationship with Parent /Caregiver	.28*	48.3 (28)	27.6 (16)	24.1 (14)
17. Parent/Caregiver practices	.41**	41.4 (24)	25.9 (15)	32.7 (19)
18. Engagement in School/Work	.29*	53.4 (31)	31.0 (18)	15.5 (9)
19. Engagement in Organized Leisure Activity	.43***	43.1 (25)	39.6 (23)	15.5 (9)
20. Living Arrangement	.60***	46.6 (27)	39.6 (23)	13.8 (8)

Note. Row totals do not consistently = 100% exactly due to rounding.

*p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001.