Dressing up the Monarch

Figures & data

Figure 1. Sultan Jamalul Azam by M.M. J. Montano and P. Rey, 1879 (Montano 1886: 173).

Figure 2. Sultan Harun Ar-Rashid in 1886 (Foreman 1899: 155).

Figure 3. Sultan Harun Ar-Rashid in Sulu (Worcester 1899: 187).

Figure 4. Hadji Bandahali, Hadji Omar, the sultan of Sulu Badaruddin II, Hadji Samla, and Samania, the son of Hajdi Omar, posing in a studio (SOAS, PP MS 26/3/1/1).

Figure 5. Jamalul Kiram II in Sulu, 1890s (Fiske 1853: 106)

Figure 6. Sultan Jamalul Kiram II with Major Hugh Scott, Philippines, 1905. Library of Congress, LOT 7594 (4).

Figure 7. The official coat of arms of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo. Courtesy of the Sultan of Sulu, <www.sultanateofsulu.org>

Montano, Joseph. 1886. Voyage aux Philippines et en Malaisie [Journey to the Philippines and Malaysia]. Paris: Lib. Hachette et Cie.

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Foreman, John, 1899. The Philippine islands: a political, geographical, ethnographic, social and commercial history of the Philippine archipelago, embracing the whole period of Spanish rule, with an account of the succeeding American insular government. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co.

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Worcester, Dean C. 1899. The Philippine islands and their people; a record of personal observation and experience, with a short summary of the more important facts in the history of the archipelago, New York/London: Macmillan Company. <https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/sea211> Accessed 4 February 2024.

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