Leveraging AI to identify dual-purpose aging and disease targets

Figures & data

Figure 1. Timeline of aging research and the emergence of dual-purpose aging and disease targets. Key discoveries made in the field of aging research over the past decades are summarized and categorized. PIK3Cs represent PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD and PIK3CG which are the human orthologs of age-1 in C. elegans. LLM, large language model.

Table 1. Dual-purpose targets in aging and disease with their approved drugs.

Target	Role in Aging [1]	Therapeutic approach [2]	Drug/Compound	Clinical phase [3]	Indication/Disease [4]
AMPK	Anti-Aging	Agonism	Metformin	FDA-approved	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
GSK3B	Pro-Aging	Antagonism	Lithium	FDA-approved	Bipolar disorder, Epilepsy
mTOR	Pro-Aging	Antagonism	Rapamycin	FDA-approved	Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
			Everolimus	FDA-approved	Advanced breast cancer, Advanced kidney cancer, Gastrointestinal and lung neuroendocrine tumors, Non-cancerous kidney tumors associated with TSC, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, TSC-associated partial-onset seizures
			Temsirolimus	FDA-approved	Advanced renal cell carcinoma

[1] The target’s role in aging was determined based on its biological functions, the pathways it is involved in, and existing literature.

[2] Therapeutic approach for the target was proposed based on the target’s role in the pathology of aging and related diseases.

[3] The furthest phase reached in clinical trials was retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov and FDA.

[4] Indication(s) and disease(s) summarized from ClinicalTrials.gov and FDA. FDA, Food and Drug Administration; TSC, Tuberous sclerosis complex.