Electrogenic transport of amino acids and glucose differs between jejunum and ileum of female and castrated male finishing pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Dietary ingredients and analysed composition (g or MJ/kg as-fed) of the grower and finisher diets.¹

Item	Grower	Finisher
Ingredients (%)
Barley	50.00	50.00
Oat	5.14	6.30
Maize	13.56	16.18
Wheat	20.00	20.00
Wheat flour	0.50	0.50
Potato protein	1.96	0.11
Rapeseed press cake	3.81	2.41
Dried beet pulp	2.00	2.00
L-Lysine-HCl	0.34	0.27
DL-Methionine	0.01	–
L-Threonine	0.06	0.04
Monocalcium phosphate^2	0.51	0.26
Lime, carbonic acid	1.08	0.97
Sodium chloride	0.30	0.25
Pellan^2	0.30	0.30
Premix^3	0.40	0.40
Natuphos 5000 G^4	0.01	0.01
Gross chemical composition (g/kg or MJ/kg as-fed)
Dry matter	876.06	874.27
Ash	45.78	40.52
Crude protein	128.68	111.81
Crude fat	26.27	26.16
Crude fibre	40.87	41.05
Calcium	6.32	5.39
Phosphorus	4.86	4.15
Sodium	1.26	1.05
Digestible energy	13.2	13.2
Net energy	9.84	9.90
Amino acids (g/kg as-fed; digestible values for essential AAs in parentheses)
Lysine	7.80 (6.40)	6.06 (4.81)
Methionine	2.27 (1.86)	1.83 (1.45)
Cystine	2.87 (2.13)	2.63 (1.96)
Threonine	5.10 (3.67)	4.05 (2.77)
Tryptophan	1.48 (1.04)	1.28 (0.88)
Isoleucine	4.39 (3.37)	3.56 (2.65)
Leucine	9.26 (7.48)	7.90 (6.27)
Phenylalanine	5.87 (4.76)	4.95 (3.94)
Valine	5.97 (4.46)	5.00 (3.63)
Tyrosine	3.93 (3.11)	3.14 (2.40)
Histidine	2.82 (2.16)	2.49 (1.88)
Alanine	5.31	4.68
Asparagine	8.59	6.69
Glutamine	26.15	24.54
Glycine	5.24	4.46
Proline	10.61	9.89
Serine	5.38	4.61

¹ Grower and finisher diets were offered ad libitum from 20 to 60 kg BW, and from 60 to 120 kg BW, respectively.

² Pellet binding aid: Pellan, Mikro-Technik, Bürgstadt, Germany.

³ Supplied the following nutrients per kg of diet: 20,000 IU vitamin A, 200 IU vitamin D3, 39 IU vitamin E, 2.9 mg riboflavin, 2.4 mg vitamin B6, 0.010 mg vitamin B12, 0.2 mg vitamin K3, 10 mg pantothenic acid, 1.4 mg niacin, 0.48 mg folic acid, 199 g choline, 0.052 mg biotin, 52 mg Fe as FeSO4, 0.16 mg I as Ca(IO)₃, 0.15 mg Se as Na2Se, 5.5 mg Cu as CuSO₄, 81 mg Zn as ZnO2 and 15 mg Mn as MnO₂.

⁴ Phytase supplemented with 500 units of Aspergillus niger phytase/kg diet.

Table 2. Mean values with their standard error of the overall period feed intake, protein intake, carcase protein, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in female and castrated pigs.

	Castrates	Female	SEM	p-Values
Feed intake (kg)	232.4	213.6	2.89	<0.001
Protein intake (kg)	28.42	26.31	0.33	<0.001
Carcase protein (kg)	13.72	14.10	0.22	0.150
ADG (kg/d)	1.00	0.86	0.03	0.021
FCR	2.67	2.65	0.02	0.640

ADG: average daily gain; FCR: feed conversion ratio

Figure 1. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER; Ω × cm²) in the jejunum and ileum of female and castrated finishing pigs. T: tissue; S: sex.

Table 3. Change in short-circuit current induced by L-glutammate, L-arginine, L-methionine and D-glucose in the jejunum and ileum of female and castrated finishing pigs.

Item	Jejunum		Ileum			P-Values^1
ΔIsc, μA	castrates	female	castrates	female	SEM	T	S	T × S
L-Glu	2.26	2.57	3.30	5.31	0.82	0.061	0.198	0.716
L-Arg	2.26	3.42	1.87	5.08	0.69	0.635	0.001	0.108
L-Met	2.47	2.44	5.38	5.01	0.89	<0.001	0.755	0.765
D-Glu	3.85	6.14	18.90	17.31	4.01	<0.001	0.894	0.376

Values are LS means and pooled standard errors of the means (SEM).

¹ T: tissue (jejunum and ileum); S: sex (female and castrated male); T × S: tissue by sex interaction

ΔIsc: change in short-circuit current; L-Glu: L-glutammate; L-Arg: L-arginine; L-Met: L-methionine; D-Glu: D-glucose

Figure 2. SGLT1 protein expression in the jejunum and ileum of female and castrated finishing pigs. T: tissue; S: sex.

Figure 3. Serum concentration of (A) creatinine, (B) NEFA and (C) glucose measured in female and castrated finishing pigs. NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [T.M.], upon reasonable request.