Social and behavioral predictors of two-doses 4CMenB vaccine series among adolescents enrolled in a cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of year 10 and 11 students participating in school RCT, 2017–2018, South Australia

Characteristic	Participants (N = 11391) n (%)
Gender Male Female	5664 (49.72) 5727 (50.28)
Age (years) ≤15 16 17 ≥18	5649 (49.59) 4935 (43.32) 668 (5.86) 139 (1.22)
Age, mean (SD)	15.61 ± 1.21
Ethnicity Caucasian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Asian Others Missing	7877 (69.15) 305 (2.68) 1166 (10.24) 1838 (16.14) 205 (1.80)
School ICSEA category <970 (low) 970 to 1020 (medium) >1020 (high)	2443 (21.45) 3568 (31.32) 5380 (47.23)
School size < 60 students/year level 60 to 119 students/year level >119 students/year level	1496 (13.13) 3855 (33.84) 6040 (53.02)
School location Metropolitan Provincial Remote Very remote	8058 (70.74) 2966 (26.04) 355 (3.12) 12 (0.11)
School type Public Private	6392 (56.11) 4999 (43.89)
Year of schooling 10 11	6117 (53.70) 5274 (46.30)
Boarding student^a Yes No Missing	186 (1.63) 11151 (97.89) 54 (0.47)
Smoked cigarettes in the last week Yes No Missing	179 (1.57) 11143 (97.90) 69 (0.61)
Smoked electronic cigarette in the last week Yes No Missing	126 (1.11) 11150 (97.88) 115 (1.01)
Smoked water-pipe in the last week Yes No Missing	277 (2.43) 10997 (96.54) 117 (1.03)
Nights out in a pub/club in last week 0 times out in last week 1 or more times out in last week Missing	9450 (82.96) 1883 (16.53) 58 (0.51)
People kissed in last week 0 kissed in last week 1 or more kissed in last week Missing	9013 (79.12) 2065 (18.13) 313 (2.75)
Current relationship status Not in relationship Relationship Missing	9227 (81.00) 2094 (18.38) 70 (0.61)
Number of persons per room (Household Crowding index) ≤ 1.5 >1.5 to ≤ 2 >2 N/A boarding student Missing	9223 (80.97) 1009 (8.86) 182 (1.60) 186 (1.63) 791 (6.94)
Resident smoking status Nonsmoking Smoking, outside the house Smoking, inside the house Smoking, both inside and outside the house N/A boarding student Missing Missing (including boarding students)	7731 (67.87) 2455 (21.55) 318 (2.79) 90 (0.79) 186 (1.63) 611 (5.36)

SD, standard deviations; ICSEA, Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage

Data are n (%) or mean (SD)

a: Students attending a residential secondary school where they live and study during the school year

Figure 1. Participants’ flow diagram.

Table 2. Factors associated with non-vaccination (zero doses) of the two-dose schedule of 4CMenB vaccine among adolescents in year 10 and 11

Variable	No doses n/N (%) 946/11391 (8.30)	Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI)	P- value	Adjusted aOR ^a (95% CI)	P-value
Gender Female Male	452/5727 (7.89) 494/5664 (8.72)	Reference 1.11 (0.96, 1.29)	0.146	Reference 1.20 (1.03, 1.40)	0.013
Age ≤15 16 17 ≥18	362/5649 (6.41) 447/4935 (9.06) 87/668 (13.02) 50/139 (35.97)	Reference 1.45 (1.21, 1.73) 2.18 (1.63, 2.91) 8.20 (4.37, 15.40)	<0.001^# <0.001 <0.001 <0.001	Reference 1.46 (1.21, 1.76) 1.89 (1.42, 2.52) 7.83 (4.13, 14.83)	<0.001^# <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Ethnicity Caucasian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Asian Others	597/7877 (7.58) 56/305 (18.36) 73/1166 (6.26) 200/1838 (10.88)	Reference 2.74 (1.97, 3.80) 0.81 (0.52, 1.26) 1.48 (1.18, 1.87)	<0.001^# < 0.001 0.363 0.001	Reference 1.77 (1.23, 2.55) 0.64 (0.48, 0.87) 1.20 (0.97, 1.50)	<0.001^# 0.003 0.004 0.088
School socioeconomic status, ICSEA >1020 (high) 970 to 1020 (medium) <970 (low)	282/5380 (5.24) 334/3568 (9.36) 330/2443 (13.51)	Reference 1.86 (1.24, 2.80) 2.82 (2.02, 3.93)	<0.001^# 0.003 <0.001	Reference 1.43 (1.03, 1.99) 1.77 (1.21, 2.60)	0.011^# 0.029 0.003
School location Rural Metropolitan	282/3333 (8.46) 664/8058 (8.24)	Reference 0.97 (0.70, 1.33)	0.860	Reference 1.31 (1.00, 1.71)	0.045
School size < 60 students/year level 60 to 119 students/year level >119 students/year level	102/1496 (6.82) 299/3855 (7.76) 545/6040 (9.02)	Reference 1.14 (0.76, 1.73) 1.35 (0.93, 1.96)	0.278^# 0.508 0.111	Reference 0.99 (0.71, 1.38) 0.90 (0.65, 1.24)	0.724^# 0.966 0.532
School type Private Public	237/4999 (4.74) 709/6392 (11.09)	Reference 2.50 (1.88, 3.32)	<0.001	Reference 1.76 (1.28, 2.43)	<0.001
Boarding student ^b Yes No	10/186 (5.38) 931/11151 (8.35)	Reference 1.60 (0.96, 2.66)	0.068	Reference 1.15 (0.67, 1.99)	0.592
Smoked cigarettes in the last week No Yes	872/11143 (7.83) 68/179 (37.99)	Reference 7.21 (5.12, 10.15)	< 0.001	Reference 3.24 (1.93, 5.44)	<0.001
Smoked electronic cigarette in the last week No Yes	903/11150 (8.10) 23/126 (18.25)	Reference 2.53 (1.61, 3.96)	<0.001	Reference 0.74 (0.35, 1.56)	0.442
Smoked water-pipe in the last week No Yes	855/10997 (7.77) 72/277 (25.99)	Reference 4.16 (3.04, 5.70)	<0.001	Reference 1.94 (1.28, 2.92)	0.001
Residents smoking status ^c Nonsmoking Smoking, outside the house Smoking, inside the house Smoking, both inside and outside the house	497/7731 (6.43) 311/2455 (12.67) 52/318 (16.35) 19/90 (21.11)	Reference 2.11 (1.74, 2.56) 2.84 (2.01, 4.02) 3.89 (2.21, 6.84)	<0.001^# <0.001 <0.001 <0.001	Reference 1.65 (1.34, 2.03) 1.83 (1.27, 2.63) 2.64 (1.48, 4.71)	<0.001^# <0.001 0.001 0.001
Nights out in a pub/club in last week 0 times out in last week 1 or more times out in last week	739/9450 (7.82) 201/1883 (10.67)	Reference 1.40 (1.20, 1.65)	<0.001	Reference 1.17 (0.97, 1.40)	0.115
People kissed in last week 0 kissed in last week 1 or more kissed in last week	629/9013 (6.98) 283/2065 (13.70)	Reference 2.11 (1.81, 2.47)	<0.001	Reference 1.40 (1.10, 1.79)	0.005
Current relationship status Not in relationship In relationship	661/9227 (7.16) 277/2094 (13.23)	Reference 1.97 (1.67, 2.32)	<0.001	Reference 1.26 (1.01, 1.57)	0.033
Number of persons per room (Household Crowding index) ^c ≤ 1.5 persons per room >1.5 to ≤ 2 persons per room >2 persons per room	728/9223 (7.89) 96/1009 (9.51) 25/182 (13.74)	Reference 1.22 (0.89, 1.67) 1.85 (1.22, 2.82)	0.020^# 0.201 0.004	Reference 0.91 (0.72, 1.13) 1.22 (0.64, 2.31)	0.642^# 0.430 0.532

CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviations; ICSEA, Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage

A “Reference” is a group that we choose to be the reference so that all odds ratios will be a comparison to the reference group.

a: Mutually adjusted

b: Students attending a residential secondary school where they live and study during the school year

c: Boarding students (n = 186) have been omitted from the variable

# Global p-value

Table 3. Factors associated with receiving only one dose of 4CMenB vaccine among Adolescents in year 10 and 11

Variable	Incomplete vaccine series n/N (%) 1334/10445 (12.77)	Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)	P- value	Adjusted aOR ^a (95% CI)	P-value
Gender Female Male	617/5275 (11.70) 717/5170 (13.87)	Reference 1.21 (1.06,1.38)	0.003	Reference 1.25 (1.09, 1.44)	.002
Age ≤15 16 17 ≥18	656/5287 (12.41) 555/4888 (12.37) 99/581 (17.04) 24/89 (26.97)	Reference 0.99 (0.85, 1.16) 1.44 (1.12, 1.86) 2.60 (1.59, 4.24)	<0.001^# 0.961 0.004 <0.001	Reference 0.99 (0.83, 1.17) 1.40 (1.07, 1.84) 2.42 (1.40, 4.18)	.001^# .929 .014 .001
Ethnicity Caucasian Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Asian Others	876/7280 (12.03) 60/249 (24.10) 141/1093 (12.90) 223/1638 (13.61)	Reference 2.32 (1.55, 3.46) 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) 1.15 (0.98, 1.35)	0.0002^# <0.001 0.518 0.081	Reference 2.02 (1.37, 2.96) 0.88 (0.69, 1.14) 0.97 (0.83, 1.14)	.004# <.001 .354 .780
School socioeconomic status, ICSEA >1020 (high) 970 to 1020 (medium) <970 (low)	531/5098 (10.42) 430/3234 (13.30) 373/2113 (17.65)	Reference 1.31 (1.98, 1.76) 1.84 (1.37, 2.47)	0.0002^# 0.061 <0.001	Reference 1.64 (1.23, 2.18) 1.40 (1.04, 1.87)	.002^# .001 .025
School location Rural Metropolitan	304/3051 (9.96) 1030/7394 (13.93)	Reference 1.46 (1.14, 1.86)	0.002	Reference 1.90 (1.49, 2.42)	<.001
School size < 60 students/year level 60 to 119 students/year level >119 students/year level	164/1394 (11.76) 428/3556 (12.04) 742/5495 (13.50)	Reference 1.02 (0.71, 1.47) 1.17 (0.84, 1.62)	0.546^# 0.890 0.348	Reference 0.93 (0.66, 1.32) 0.92 (0.62, 1.34)	.911^# .716 .676
School type Private Public	514/4762 (10.79) 820/5683 (14.43)	Reference 1.39 (1.07, 1.80)	0.013	Reference 1.07 (0.77, 1.47)	.661
Boarding student ^b Yes No	16/176 (9.09) 1307/10220 (12.79)	Reference 1.46 (0.78, 2.73)	0.229	Reference 0.71 (0.32, 1.58)	.412
Smoked cigarettes in the last week No Yes	1285/10271 (12.51) 35/111 (31.53)	Reference 3.22 (2.18, 4.75)	<0.001	Reference 1.51 (0.90, 2.51)	.112
Smoked electronic cigarette in the last week No Yes	1280/10247 (12.49) 31/103 (30.10)	Reference 3.01 (2.15, 4.21)	<0.001	Reference 1.60 (0.99, 2.58)	.053
Smoked water-pipe in the last week No Yes	1255/10142 (12.37) 58/205 (28.29)	Reference 2.79 (1.96, 3.96)	<0.001	Reference 1.83 (1.20, 2.77)	.004
Residents smoking status ^c Nonsmoking Smoking, outside the house Smoking, inside the house Smoking, both inside and outside the house	798/7234 (11.03) 362/2144 (16.88) 66/266 (24.81) 15/71 (21.13)	Reference 1.63 (1.41, 1.89) 2.66 (1.86, 3.78) 2.16 (1.24, 3.73)	<0.001^# <0.001 <0.001 0.006	Reference 1.44 (1.24, 1.66) 2.03 (1.36, 3.02) 1.90 (1.16, 3.13)	<.001^# <.001 <.001 .011
Nights out in a pub/club in last week 0 times out in last week 1 or more times out in last week	1078/8711 (12.38) 244/1682 (14.51)	Reference 1.20 (1.03, 1.40)	0.019	Reference 1.19 (1.00, 1.42)	.039
People kissed in last week 0 kissed in last week 1 or more kissed in last week Missing	992/8384 (11.83) 295/1782 (16.55)	Reference 1.47 (1.28, 1.69)	<0.001	Reference 1.22 (0.99, 1.50)	.051
Current relationship status Not in relationship In relationship	1043/8566 (12.18) 281/1817 (15.47)	Reference 1.31 (1.14, 1.52)	<0.001	Reference 1.17 (0.93, 1.46)	.164
Number of persons per room (Household Crowding index) ^c ≤ 1.5 persons per room >1.5 to ≤ 2 persons per room >2 persons per room	1040/8495 (12.24) 142/913 (15.55) 34/157 (21.66)	Reference 1.32 (1.05, 1.65) 1.98 (1.17, 3.34)	0.004^# 0.016 0.010	Reference 1.18 (0.94, 1.48) 1.72 (1.06, 2.78)	.037^# .146 .026

CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviations; ICSEA, Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage

A “Reference” is a group that we choose to be the reference so that all odds ratios will be a comparison to the reference group.

a: Mutually adjusted

b: Students attending a residential secondary school where they live and study during the school year

c: Boarding students (n = 186) have been omitted from the variable

# Global p-value

Data availability statement

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available upon reasonable request to Prof. Helen Marshall ([email protected]) and subject to regulatory approvals.