Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the vaccine hesitancy 5 point Likert Scale

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study protocol.

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the parents

		n	%
Relationship to child	Mother	186	60.8
	Father	120	39.2
Mother’s educational status	No education	3	1.0
	Primary school	33	10.8
	Middle school	48	15.7
	High school	60	19.6
	University and above	162	52.9
Mother’s employment status	Working	90	29.4
	Not employed	216	70.6
Father’s educational status	No education	0	.0
	Primary school	18	5.9
	Middle school	42	13.7
	High school	84	27.5
	University and above	162	52.9
Father’s employment status	Working	285	93.1
	Not employed	21	6.9
Father’s participation in childcare	Participates	276	90.2
	Not participates	30	9.8
Family monthly income level^a,b	<₺2200	39	12.7
	₺2200-4999	117	38.2
	₺5000-7499	87	28.4
	₺7500-9999	45	14.7
	>₺10000	18	5.9
Living in their own home	Yes	99	32.4
	No	207	67.6
Own car presence	Yes	204	66.7
	No	102	33.3
Residence (longest lived)	City	270	88.2
	Town	12	3.9
	Village	24	7.8
Family status	Nuclear	270	88.2
	Traditional	36	11.8

^aSince the minimum wage was ₺2200 while preparing the survey, the lower limit was determined as ₺2200.

^b₺: Turkish Lira

Table 2. Item loadings in factor analysis

Vaccine hesitancy scale items	EFA loadings
	Confidence	Risk Perception
Getting vaccines is a good way to protect my child/children from disease	.911
All childhood vaccines offered by the government program in my community are beneficial	.884
Childhood vaccines are important for my child’s health	.881
Childhood vaccines are effective	.829
Generally, I do what my doctor or health care provider recommends about vaccines for my child/children	.804
Having my child vaccinated is important for the health of others in my community	.672
The information I receive about vaccines from the vaccine program is reliable and trustworthy	.647
New vaccines carry more risks than older vaccines		.780
My child/children does or do not need vaccines for diseases that are not common anymore		.762
I am concerned about serious adverse effects of vaccines		.576
	Eigenvalue	Explained variance	Total variance (%)
Confidence	5.004	50.044	50.044
Risk Perception	1.331	13.312	63.356

EFA: Exploratory factor analysis. Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization

Table 3. Comparison of the scale total score with some variables

		n	Median	25th-75th Percentile	p
Relationship to child	Mother	186	43.0	39.0–46.0	0.021^a
	Father	120	44.0	40.0–47.0
Mother’s educational status	Primary school and below	36	43.5	40.5–47.0	0.275^b
	Middle school	48	44.0	40.0–46.0
	High school	60	44.5	41.0–47.0
	University and above	162	43.5	40.0–47.0
Mother’s employment status	Working	90	44.5	40.0–47.0	0.106^a
	Not employed	216	43.0	39.5–47.0
Father’s educational status	Primary school and below	18	44.5	43.0–45.0	0.717^b
	Middle school	42	46.0	40.0–47.0
	High school	84	43.0	40.0–47.0
	University and above	162	43.0	39.0–47.0
Father’s participation in childcare	Participates	276	43.5	40.0–47.0	0.141^a
	Not participates	30	43.0	38.0–46.0
Family monthly income level^c	<₺2200	39	43.0	38.0–47.0	0.009^b
	₺2200-4999	117	43.0	40.0–46.0
	₺5000-7499	87	43.0	40.0–47.0
	₺7500-10000	45	45.0	40.0–47.0
	>₺10000	18	47.0	42.0–50.0
Living in their own home	Yes	99	45.0	39.0–47.0	0.611^a
	No	207	43.0	40.0–47.0
Refusing their child’s vaccinations	Yes	6	26.0	23.0–27.0	<0.001^a
	No	300	44.0	40.0–47.0
Delay in acceptance some of their child’s vaccines or not allow them to be administer	Yes	33	40.0	37.0–46.0	0.002^a
	No	273	44.0	40.0–47.0
Presence of parents in the environment who refuse their child’s vaccinations	Yes	72	41.0	40.0–46.0	0.071^b
	No	181	45.0	40.0–47.0
	Do not know	53	43.0	38.0–47.0

^aMann-Whitney U test; statistical significance p < 0.05

^bKruskal-Wallis test; statistical significance p < 0.05

^c₺: Turkish Lira

Table 4. Comparison of the sub-scale scores with some variables

		Confidence				Risk perception
		n	Median	25th-75th percentile	p	Median	25th-75th percentile	p
Relationship to child	Mother	186	34.0	29.0–35.0	0.190^a	11.0	9.0–12.0	0.003^a
	Father	120	34.0	29.0–35.0		12.0	10.0–13.0
Mother’s educational status	Primary school and below	36	35.0	34.0–35.0	0.019^b	10.0	6.0–12.0	0.026^b
	Middle school	48	33.5	28.5–34.5		11.0	8.5–12.0
	High school	60	34.0	28.0–35.0		12.0	9.5–13.0
	University and above	162	33.5	29.0–35.0		11.0	10.0–13.0
Mother’s employment status	Working	90	34.0	29.0–35.0	0.981^a	11.5	10.0–13.0	0.007^a
	Not employed	216	34.0	28.0–35.0		11.0	9.0–12.5
Father’s educational status	Primary school and below	18	34.5	33.0–35.0	0.111^b	9.5	9.0–11.0	0.129^b
	Middle school	42	34.5	29.0–35.0		12.0	11.0–12.0
	High school	84	34.0	31.5–35.0		10.5	9.0–13.0
	University and above	162	34.0	28.0–35.0		11.0	9.0–13.0
Father’s participation in childcare	Participates	276	34.0	29.0–35.0	0.331^a	11.0	9.0–13.0	0.006^a
	Not participates	30	33.5	31.0–34.0		10.0	6.0–12.0
Family monthly income level^c	<₺2200	39	34.0	32.0–35.0	0.529^b	10.0	8.0–12.0	0.001^b
	₺2200-4999	117	34.0	28.0–35.0		11.0	9.0–12.0
	₺5000-7499	87	34.0	28.0–35.0		12.0	9.0–13.0
	₺7500-10000	45	34.0	31.0–35.0		11.0	10.0–12.0
	>₺10000	18	34.0	31.0–35.0		13.0	11.0–15.0
Living in their own home	Yes	99	35.0	29.0–35.0	0.067^a	11.0	8.0–12.0	0.024^a
	No	207	34.0	29.0–35.0		11.0	10.0–13.0
Refusing their child’s vaccinations	Yes	6	21.0	16.0–22.0	<0.001^a	5.0	5.0–7.0	<0.001^a
	No	300	34.0	29.0–35.0		11.0	9.0–13.0
Delay in acceptance some of their child’s vaccines or not allow them to be administer	Yes	33	32.0	27.0–35.0	0.012^a	10.0	6.0–12.0	0.034^a
	No	273	34.0	29.0–35.0		11.0	9.0–13.0
Presence of parents in the environment who refuse their child’s vaccinations	Yes	72	32.0	28.0–35.0	0.013^b	12.0	8.0–13.0	0.089^b
	No	181	34.0	31.0–35.0		11.0	10.0–12.0
	Do not know	53	34.0	28.0–35.0		10.0	8.0–12.0

^aMann-Whitney U test; statistical significance p < 0.05

^bKruskal Wallis test; statistical significance p < 0.05

^c₺: Turkish Lira