Vaccination rates and determinants of nine recommended vaccines among migrants in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary distribution of characteristics of migrants in China, N = 10013

Variables	Level	N (%)	Vaccination N (%)
All		10013(100%)	6488 (64.8)
Gender	Male	5021(50.14)	3254 (64.81)
	Female	4992(49.86)	3234 (64.78)
Age groups	≤30	4294(42.88)	2983 (69.47)
	31–40	3155(31.51)	1986 (62.95)
	41–50	1916(19.14)	1183 (61.47)
	>50	648(6.47)	336 (51.85)
Marital status	Single	2127(21.24)	1613 (75.83)
	Married/Having a relationship	7538(75.28)	4650 (61.69)
	Divorced/widowed	348(3.48)	225 (64.66)
region	Rural	3621(36.16)	2139 (59.07)
	Urban	6392(63.84)	4349 (68.04)
Education	Middle school or below	2144(21.41)	1217 (56.76)
	High school	2712(27.08)	1688 (62.24)
	Three-year technical college	2948(29.44)	1992 (67.57)
	University or above	2209(22.06)	1591 (72.02)
Health status	Healthy	8563(85.52)	5573 (65.08)
	Almost healthy	1279(12.77)	823 (64.35)
	Unhealthy, but can take care of himself/herself	168(1.68)	90 (53.57)
	Unhealthy and cannot take care of himself/herself	3(0.03)	2 (66.67)

Figure 1. Vaccination rates of migrants by birth year and vaccination policies.

Table 2. Numbers and proportion of different vaccination types of migrants, N = 10013

Variables	Vaccination rate (%)
	HepB	HepA	FIn	DTaP	JE	Rab	MPSV	HF	TIG
All	5916(59.08)	2535(25.32)	2023(20.20)	1059(10.58)	1237(12.35)	1138(11.37)	943(9.42)	409(4.08)	1299 (12.97)
Gender
Male	2937(58.49)	1291(25.71)	997(19.86)	502(10.00)	608(12.11)	646(12.87)	455(9.06)	198(3.94)	784(15.61)
Female	2979(59.68)	1244(24.92)	1026(20.55)	557(11.16)	629(12.60)	492(9.86)	488(9.78)	211(4.23)	515(10.32)
Age
≤30	2752(64.09)	1246(29.02)	1038(24.17)	552(12.86)	653(15.21)	551(12.83)	477(11.11)	205(4.77)	582(13.55)
31–40	1825(57.84)	732(23.20)	576(18.26)	301(9.54)	345(10.94)	349(11.06)	274(8.68)	118(3.74)	413(13.09)
41–50	1049(54.75)	418(21.82)	323(16.86)	163(8.51)	183(9.55)	185(7.78)	149(7.78)	58(3.03)	236(12.32)
>50	290(44.75)	139(21.45)	86(13.27)	43(6.64)	56(8.64)	53(6.64)	43(6.64)	28(4.32)	68(10.49)
Marital status
Single	1490(70.05)	724(34.04)	595(27.97)	333(15.66)	387(18.19)	306(14.39)	275(12.93)	121(5.69)	304(14.29)
Married/Having a relationship	4216(55.93)	1697(22.51)	1345(17.84)	680(9.02)	799(10.60)	790(10.48)	629(8.34)	265(3.52)	945(12.54)
Divorced/widowed	210(60.34)	114(32.76)	83(23.85)	46(13.22)	51(14.66)	42(12.07)	39(11.21)	23(6.61)	50(14.37)
Region
Rural	1936(53.47)	770(21.26)	666(18.39)	366(10.11)	436(12.04)	404(11.16)	306(8.45)	143(3.95)	475(13.12)
Urban	3980(62.27)	1765(27.61)	1357(21.23)	693(10.84)	801(12.53)	734(11.48)	637(9.97)	266(4.16)	824(12.89)
Education
Middle school or below	1069(49.86)	473(22.06)	357(16.65)	169(7.88)	235(10.96)	188(8.77)	156(7.28)	72(3.36)	264(12.31)
High school	1522(56.12)	674(24.85)	560(20.65)	289(10.66)	314(11.58)	304(11.21)	241(8.89)	106(3.91)	342(12.61)
Three-year technical college	1818(61.67)	769(26.09)	624(21.17)	329(11.16)	377(12.79)	361(12.25)	302(10.24)	127(4.31)	399(13.53)
Bachelor degree or above	1507(68.22)	619(28.02)	482(21.82)	272(12.31)	311(14.08)	285(12.90)	244(11.05)	104(4.71)	294(13.31)
Health status
Healthy	5106(59.63)	2164(25.27)	1743(20.36)	915(10.69)	1078(12.59)	954(11.14)	815(9.52)	359(4.19)	1087(12.69)
Almost healthy	732(57.23)	336(26.27)	251(19.62)	134(10.48)	146(11.42)	176(13.76)	120(9.38)	49(3.83)	195(15.25)
Unhealthy, but can take care of himself/herself	76(45.24)	33(19.64)	27(16.07)	8(4.76)	12(7.14)	7(4.17)	7(4.17)	0(0.00)	16(9.52)
Unhealthy and cannot take care of himself/herself	2(66.67)	2(66.67)	2(66.67)	2(66.67)	1(33.33)	1(33.33)	1(33.33)	1(33.33)	1(33.33)

Table 3. Determinants of vaccination using logistic regression, N = 10013

Variables	Vaccination
	HepB	HepA	FIn	DTaP	JE	Rab	MPSV	HF	TIG
Gender (Female)
Male	0.03 (−0.05–0.11)	0.10** (0.01–0.19)	0.02 (−0.08–0.12)	−0.06 (−0.19–0.07)	0.01 (−0.11–0.14)	0.36*** (0.23–0.49)	−0.02 (−0.16–0.11)	−0.03 (−0.23–0.18)	0.51*** (0.39–0.63)
Age (≤30)
31–40	−0.07 (−0.18–0.04)	−0.17** (−0.29–0.04)	−0.21** (−0.34–0.08)	−0.12 (−0.29–0.05)	−0.19** (−0.35–0.03)	−0.09 (−0.25–0.08)	−0.12 (−0.30–0.06)	−0.08 (−0.35–0.19)	−0.10 (−0.21–0.10)
41–50	−0.08 (−0.21–0.05)	−0.25** (−0.39–0.09)	−0.30*** (−0.46–0.14)	−0.17 (−0.29–0.05)	−0.32** (−0.52–0.11)	−0.18* (−0.39–0.02)	−0.17 (−0.40–0.05)	−0.22 (−0.56–0.13)	−0.13 (−0.33–0.05)
>50	−0.42*** (−0.61–0.23)	−0.29** (−0.51–0.06)	−0.59*** (−0.85–0.33)	−0.41** (−0.77–0.05)	−0.43** (−0.75–0.11)	−0.35** (−0.68–0.02)	−0.30* (0.66–0.06)	0.21 (−0.25–0.68)	−0.35** (−0.65–0.06)
Marital status (Single)
Married/Having a relationship	−0.46*** (−0.58–0.35)	−0.43*** (−0.56–0.31)	−0.40*** (−0.53–0.27)	−0.49*** (−0.66–0.32)	−0.47*** (−0.63–0.31)	−0.27** (−0.44–0.10)	−0.35*** (−0.53–0.17)	−0.47** (−0.59–0.35)	−0.11 (−0.28–0.05)
Divorced/widowed	−0.18 (−0.43–0.07)	0.12 (−0.14–0.38)	0.05 (−0.24–0.33)	0.03 (−0.32–0.39)	0.01 (−0.33–0.35)	0.00 (−0.18–0.10)	0.07 (−0.32–0.45)	−0.18 (−0.43–0.07)	−.12 (−0.23–0.46)
Region(Rural)
Urban	0.25*** (0.17–0.34)	0.32*** (0.22–0.42)	0.15** (0.04–0.26)	−0.01 (−0.15–0.13)	0.17 (−0.12–0.15)	−0.05 (−0.18–0.09)	0.12 (−0.04–0.26)	0.26 (0.17–0.34)	−0.04 (−0.17–0.09)
Education(Middle school or below)
High school	0.10* (−0.02–0.22)	0.00 (−0.14–0.15)	0.12 (−0.04–0.27)	0.22** (0.01–0.43)	−0.08 (−0.26–0.11)	0.22* (0.02–0.42)	0.10 (−0.12–0.32)	0.10 (−0.02–0.22)	0.00 (−0.17–0.19)
Three-year technical college	0.25*** (0.13–0.38)	−0.01 (−0.16–0.13)	0.06 (−0.10–0.21)	0.20* (−0.01–0.41)	−0.05 (−0.24–0.14)	0.30** (0.10–0.51)	0.19* (−0.03–0.41)	0.25 (0.13–0.38)	0.10 (−0.09–0.28)
Bachelor degree or above	0.52*** (0.38–0.66)	0.06 (−0.10–0.22)	0.07 (−0.10–0.24)	0.31** (0.08–0.54)	0.05 (−0.15–0.26)	0.37** (0.15–0.58)	0.26** (0.02–0.50)	0.52 (0.38–0.66)	0.08 (−0.12–0.28)
Health status(Healthy)
Almost healthy	0.01 (−0.12–0.13)	0.12* (−0.02–0.26)	0.07 (−0.08–0.22)	0.09 (−0.10–0.29)	0.00 (−0.19–0.19)	0.35*** (−0.17–0.53)	0.07 (−0.14–0.28)	0.00 (−0.11–0.13)	0.28** (0.11–0.45)
Unhealthy, but can take care of himself/herself	−0.33** (−0.65–0.01)	−0.26 (−0.66–0.13)	−0.10 (−0.53–0.33)	−0.66* (−1.38–0.07)	−0.50 (−1.10–0.11)	−0.82** (−1.59–0.06)	−0.71** (−1.48–0.06)	−0.33 (−0.65–0.01)	−0.21 (−0.74–0.32)
Unhealthy and cannot take care of himself/herself	−.31 (−2.15–2.76)	1.52 (−0.91–3.95)	2.03 (−0.43–4.49)	2.93** (0.46–5.39)	1.12 (−1.32–3.56)	1.35 (−1.08–3.78)	1.57 (−0.86–4.00)	0.31* (−2.15–2.76)	1.10 (−1.32–3.51)

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Table 4. Sensitivity analysis on determinants of vaccination using logistic regression, N = 10013(Model 2)

Variables	Vaccination
	HepB	HepA	FIn	DTaP	JE	Rab	MPSV	HF	TIG
Gender (Female)
Male	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	1.16 (0.92–1.47)	1.08 (0.83–1.39)	1.04 (0.75–1.44)	0.90 (0.67–1.21)	1.53** (1.12–2.08)	1.11 (0.78–1.59)	0.85 (0.49–1.07)	1.85*** (1.38–2.50)
Birth year	1.02*** (1.01–1.03)	1.02** (1.00–1.03)	1.02** (1.01–1.04)	1.02 (1.00–1.03)	1.01 (1.00–1.03)	1.02 (1.00–1.03)	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	1.03 (1.00–1.07)	1.01 (0.99–1.02)
Marital status (Single)
Married/Having a relationship	0.58*** (0.46–0.74)	0.64** (0.49–0.83)	0.62** (0.47–0.83)	0.65* (0.45–0.93)	0.71* (0.51–0.99)	0.94 (0.66–1.34)	0.72 (0.48–1.08)	1.23 (0.62–2.44)	0.84 (0.61–1.16)
Divorced/widowed	0.75 (0.52–1.08)	0.70 (0.47–1.06)	0.62* (0.39–0.98)	1.02 (0.60–1.74)	0.87 (0.52–1.46)	1.00 (0.59–1.72)	1.12 (0.63–1.99)	1.61 (0.61–4.20)	0.92 (0.56–1.52)
Region(Rural)
Urban	0.95 (0.57–1.59)	0.90 (0.48–1.69)	1.26 (0.67–2.38)	1.91 (0.94–3.89)	1.54 (0.76–3.12)	1.92* (1.01–3.64)	0.78 (0.28–2.19)	1.68 (0.50–5.65)	1.33 (0.67–2.61)
Education(Middle school or below)
High school	1.23 (0.93–1.63)	1.16 (0.84–1.62)	1.55* (1.06–2.28)	1.56 (0.95–2.57)	1.00 (0.65–1.53)	1.14 (0.73–1.79)	1.32 (0.76–2.29)	0.72 (0.31–1.68)	0.91 (0.61–1.36)
Three-year technical college	1.19 (0.90–1.57)	1.16 (0.83–1.61)	1.62* (1.11–2.35)	1.75* (1.08–2.85)	1.13 (0.74–1.71)	1.30 (0.84–2.01)	1.93* (1.15–3.24)	0.96 (0.45–2.03)	1.14 (0.77–1.68)
Bachelor degree or above	1.76*** (1.28–2.43)	1.24 (0.86–1.78)	1.67* (1.11–2.52)	1.79* (1.05–2.04)	0.91 (0.56–1.47)	1.48 (0.92–2.36)	1.71 (0.96–3.06)	0.72 (0.30–1.73)	0.77 (0.48–1.23)
Health status(Healthy)
Almost healthy	0.90 (0.67–1.20)	1.00 (0.71–1.41)	1.18* (0.81–1.72)	0.72 (0.42–1.24)	0.56* (0.33–0.95)	1.38 (0.91–2.10)	0.84 (0.48–1.47)	0.60 (0.21–1.71)	0.86 (0.56–1.33)
Unhealthy, but can take care of himself/herself	0.65 (0.30–1.37)	0.75 (0.28–2.00)	0.69 (0.20–2.36)	0.38 (0.05–2.88)	1.16 (0.39–3.42)	-	0.46 (0.06–3.49)	-	1.19 (0.44–3.20)
Unhealthy and cannot take care of himself/herself	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Data availability statement

Data are available from the corresponding author by request https://www.ncmi.cn/phda/dataDetails.do?id=CSTR:A0006.11.A000T.201906.000225.