Measuring vaccination willingness in response to COVID-19 using a multi-criteria-decision making method

Figures & data

Figure 1. Illustration of COVID-19 determinants in the framework of MCDM.^21–28

Table 1. Survey detail

Study features	Values
Time frame	March, April, and May (2021)
Cities	Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Peshawar.
Sample size	1000
Valid responses	910
Response percentage	91%

Table 2. Pairwise comparison scale

Linguistics terms	Values
Weak	1
Moderate	3–1/3
Strong	5–1/5
Very strong	7–1/7
Extreme	9–1/9
Intermediate	2–1/2, 4–1/4, 6–1/6, 8–1/8

Table 3. Random index.⁵²

n	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
RI	0	0	0.58	0.90	1.12	1.24	1.32	1.41	1.45

Table 4. Sociodemographic characteristics of survey

Sociodemographic characteristics		n (%)
Age	18–25	260 (28.57)
	26–35	317 (34.83)
	36–45	185 (20.32)
	Above 45	148 (16.26)
Gender	Male	530 (58.25)
	Female	380 (41.75)
Education	Uneducated	25 (2.75)
	Primary	70 (7.69)
	High school	185 (20.33)
	Graduation	391 (42.97)
	Post-graduation	239 (26.26)
Residence	Lahore	315 (34.62)
	Karachi	190 (20.88)
	Islamabad	185 (20.33)
	Faisalabad	153 (16.81)
	Peshawar	67 (7.36)

Table 5. COVID-19 vaccination decision criteria and CR

Main determinants	Individual determinants	Vaccine attribute	Vaccine convenience	Health belief	Exp. with COVID-19	Percentages
Individual determinants	1	3	1	0.33	2	19.89%	CI = 0.029
Vaccine attribute	0.33	1	3	0.5	1	15.54%	CR = 1.12
Vaccine convenience	1	0.33	1	2	0.33	17.31%	CR = 0.025
Health belief	3	2	0.5	1	5	32.60%
Exp. with COVID-19	0.50	1	3	0.10	1	14.64%

Table 6. COVID-19 vaccination determinants (%)

COVID-19 vaccination determinants	% of main determinants	% of sub determinants
Individual determinants	19.89%
Positive attitude		37.58%
Trust in health system		21.81%
Views on vaccine program		23.87%
Past experience with vaccination		16.73%
Vaccine attribute	15.54%
Efficacy		20.84%
Government authorization		17.61%
Vaccine origin		13.73%
Recommended/approved		47.81%
Vaccine convenience	17.31%
Health literacy		33.92%
Availability of vaccine		15.71%
Affordability		38.92%
Decision to vaccinate		11.43%
Health belief	32.60%
Perceived susceptibility		19.94%
Perceived severity		12.96%
Perceived benefits		27.17%
Perceived barriers		7.24%
Cues to action		32.67%
Exp. with COVID-19	14. 64%
Perceived stress		50.35%
Self-isolation		37.81%
Adapting to change		14.86%

Figure 2. The influential sub-determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine.

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