Acceptance of childhood and adolescent vaccination against COVID-19 in France: a national cross-sectional study in May 2021

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics, attitudes and perceptions of participants according to their acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of children and adolescents

Explanatory variables	Total Nb: 2.533 (100%)		Favorable to vaccination against COVID-19 of
			Children < 6 y^a			Children 6–11 y^b			Adolescents 12–17 y^c
	Nb^d	%	Yes %	No %	P^e	Yes %	No %	P	Yes %	No %	p
Age (years)
18–44	982	38.78	26.29	73.71	0.04	38.84	61.16	<0.01	52.29	47.71	<0.01
45–64	815	32.19	34.59	65.41		49.15	50.85		60.15	39.85
65 +	735	29.03	33.02	66.98		60.02	39.98		79.36	20.64
Gender
Men	1206	47.61	37.03	62.97	<0.01	54.15	45.85	<0.01	69.82	30.18	<0.01
Women	1327	52.39	25.36	74.64		43.00	57.00		56.19	43.81
Parent of children or adolescents <18 years
No	1739	68.65	33.54	66.46	0.01	52.53	47.47	<0.01	65.84	34.16	0.04
Yes	794	31.35	25.17	74.83		39.07	60.93		55.76	44.24
Education level
< Bac (High school leaving exam)	684	27.00	31.89	68.11	0.70	47.06	52.94	0.13	58.44	41.56	0.08
Bac to Bac+2 y	1004	39.64	29.36	70.64		45.37	54.63		61.60	38.40
Bac+3 or more	845	33.36	31.97	68.03		52.81	47.19		67.39	32.61
Fear of contracting COVID-19
Very low (Q1)^f	744	29.37	22.66	77.34	<0.01	41.01	58.99	<0.01	52.57	47.43	<0.01
Low (Q2)^f	648	25.58	31.36	68.64		46.74	53.26		57.91	42.09
Moderate (Q3)^f	648	25.58	33.03	66.97		50.43	49.57		71.27	28.73
High (Q4)^f	492	19.42	40.02	59.98		58.61	41.39		72.93	27.07
COVID-19 vaccines risk perception score
Low (T1)^g	1006	39.72	45.79	54.21	<0.01	71.79	28.21	<0.01	87.95	12.05	<0.01
Moderate (T2)^g	757	29.89	24.36	75.64		37.26	62.74		51.23	48.77
High (T3)^g	770	30.40	17.91	82.09		28.47	71.53		40.91	59.09
Intention to get vaccinated
Already vaccinated	979	38.65	42.06	57.94	<0.01	68.79	31.21	<0.01	88.01	11.99	<0.01
Yes	947	37.39	32.57	67.43		50.28	49.72		68.52	31.48
No	607	23.96	10.34	89.66		12.15	87.85		12.66	87.34
Trust in institutions
Very low (Q1)	525	20.73	18.09	81.91	<0.01	27.21	72.79	<0.01	29.23	70.77	<0.01
Low (Q2)	657	25.94	21.01	78.99		37.74	62.26		50.82	49.18
Moderate (Q3)	406	16.03	31.67	68.33		53.87	46.13		76.56	23.44
High (Q4)	945	37.31	44.59	55.41		64.98	35.02		83.53	16.47
Sensitivity to social pressure/norm
Yes	1138	44.93	40.81	59.19	<0.01	67.76	32.24	<0.01	87.10	12.90	<0.01
No	507	20.02	17.89	82.11		22.27	77.73		30.90	69.10
Don’t know/it depends	887	35.02	25.66	74.34		38.23	61.77		49.52	50.48
Favorable to vaccination in general
Yes	1948	76.9	37.14	62.86	<0.01	57.60	42.40	<0.01	74.18	25.82	<0.01
No or don’t know	585	23.1	10.18	89.82		17.35	82.65		24.39	7.,61

^aYes: 30.9%; No (or don’t know): 69.1%. ^b Yes: 48.3%; No (or don’t know): 51.7%. ^c Yes: 62.7%; No (or don’t know): 37.3%. ^d Nb = number. ^e P: p-value. ^f Q1 = first quartile; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile. ^g T1 = first tercile; T2 = Second tercile; T3 = third tercile.

Table 2. Drivers of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of children and adolescents (Multi-Model averaged logistic regression)^a

Variables (N = 2533)	Favorable to vaccination against COVID-19 of
	Children < 6 years		Children 6–11 years		Adolescents 12–17 years
	aOR^b	95% CI^b	aOR	95% CI	aOR	95% CI
Age (year)
45–64	Ref.^c	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
18–44	0.92	0.67–1.27	0.99	0.92–1.08	1,03	0,66–1,62
65+	0.88	0.6–1.3	1.00	0.94–1.06	2,51	1,75–3,61
Gender
Women	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Men	1.51	1.14–2.01	1.21	0.87–1.68	1.72	1.17–2.51
Parent of children or adolescents <18 years
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	0,69	0,47–1	0,64	0,46–0,9	1.00	0,91–1,09
Education level
< Bac (High school leaving exam)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Bac to Bac + 2	1.00	0.93–1.08	1.00	0.96–1.04	1.00	0.92–1.08
Bac + 3 or more	1.00	0.95–1.06	1.00	0.96–1.04	1.00	0.93–1.09
Fear of contracting COVID-19
Very low	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Low	1.75	1.18–2.58	1.43	0.97–2.10	1.52	0.95–2.44
Moderate	1.65	1.13–2.41	1.33	0.90–1.96	2.15	1.32–3.51
High	2.48	1.64–3.77	1.92	1.20–3.07	2.20	1.21–4.00
COVID-19 vaccine risk perception score
Low (T1 = 0.33)^d	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Moderate (T2 = 0.67)^d	0.58	0.4–0.82	0.42	0.29–0.59	0.35	0.22–0.54
High (T3 = 1)^d	0.46	0.29–0.7	0.36	0.24–0.54	0.36	0.22–0.58
Trust in institutions
High(Q1 = 0.25)^e	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Moderate (Q2 = 0.5)^e	0.67	0.44–1.01	0.78	0.51–1.2	0.91	0.5–1.69
Low (Q3 = 0.75)^e	0.48	0.32–0.7	0.6	0.41–0.9	0.37	0.23–0.6
Very low (Q4 = 1.0)^e	0.53	0.33–0.86	0.56	0.35–0.88	0.2	0.12–0.33
Sensitivity to social pressure/norm
Yes	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
No	1	0.93–1.07	0.35	0.21–0.56	0.25	0.15–0.43
Don’t know/It depends	1	0.95–1.05	0.52	0.38–0.72	0.31	0.2–0.47
Favorable to vaccination in general
Yes	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
No/Don’t know	0.31	0.19–0.51	0.32	0.22–0.48	0.27	0.18–0.39

^aWe excluded the explanatory variable “already vaccinated or intending to do so” to avoid multicollinearity.

^baOR: adjusted Odds Ratios and their 95% confidence interval. Values in bold indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05.

^cRef.: Reference. ^d T1 = first tercile; T2 = Second tercile; T3 = third tercile. ^e Q1 = first quartile; Q2 = second quartile; Q3 = third quartile; Q4 = fourth quartile.

Table 3. Rank, importance weights, and partial Nagelkerke R2 of the drivers of acceptance of vaccination of children and adolescents (Multi-Model averaged logistic regression)

Regression	For 12–18 years			For 6–12 years			For < 6 years
Variables	Rank^a	Importance weight^b	Partial R^2 (%)^c	Rank	Importance weight	Partial R^2 (%)	Rank	Importance weight	Partial R^2 (%)
Trust in institutions	1	1.00	8.0	4	0.99	1.0	3	1.00	2.0
Sensitivity to social norm	2	1.00	7.0	3	1.00	4.0	8	0.50	0.0
Favorable to vaccination in general	3	1.00	7.0	2	1.00	4.0	1	1.00	4.0
COVID-19 vaccine risk perception score	4	1.00	4.0	1	1.00	5.0	4	1.00	2.0
Age (18–44, 45–64 and 65 or more)	5	1.00	5.0	8	0.39	0.0	7	0.92	1.0
Fear of contracting COVID-19	6	0.99	2.0	5	0.99	1.0	2	1.00	2.0
Gender	7	0.99	2.0	7	0.93	0.0	5	0.99	1.0
Education level	8	0.36	0.0	9	0.15	0.0	9	0.21	0.0
Parents of children or adolescents <18 years	9	0.27	0.0	6	0.99	1.0	6	0.99	1.0
Total Nagelkerke pseudo-R^Citation2	0.35			0.16			0.13

^aThe ranking of the explanatory variables according to their importance in the model, in terms of strength of association, can be derived from the values of the importance weights: 0.00 to <0.50, no association; 0.50 to <0.75, weak association; 0.75 to <0.95, positive association; 0.95 to <0.99, strong association; 0.99 to ≤1.00, very strong association.

^bImportance of the explanatory variables in the model.

^cPart of the dependent variable variance explained by the explanatory variable: the sum of all partial R² gives the Nagelkerke Pseudo-R² (a statistic comparable to R² in linear regressions).

VaccinTracker Covid19. Combien de français ont été vaccinés contre la COVID-19. CovidTracker [accessed 2021 July 7]. https://covidtracker.fr/vaccintracker/

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