Factors associated with intention of human papillomavirus vaccination among Chinese college students: implications for health promotion

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants

Participant characteristics	N(%) N = 343
Gender
Male	101 (29.5)
Female	242 (70.5)
Study program
Bachelor degree	290 (84.5)
Associate degree	53 (15.5)
Year of study
Freshman	28 (8.2)
Sophomore	50 (14.6)
Junior	200 (58.3)
Senior	65 (18.9)
Major
Healthcare science	157 (45.8)
Non-healthcare science	186 (54.2)
Attitude toward having sex among college students
Approval	202 (58.9)
Disapproval	141 (41.1)

Table 2. Knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among college students

Questions about HPV/HPV vaccine	N(%) N = 343
Routes of HPV transmission *
Sexual Transmission	212 (61.8)
Indirect contact transmission	70 (20.4)
Maternal-neonatal transmission	159 (46.4)
Don’t know	127 (37.0)
Diseases associated with HPV *
Cervical cancer	178 (51.9)
Genital wart	142 (41.4)
Penile cancer	91 (26.5)
Anal cancer	56 (16.3)
Don’t know	139 (40.5)
Perceived risk of HPV infection †
Yes	82 (23.9)
No	261 (76.1)
Consequences of HPV infection *
Causes a variety of skin diseases including condyloma acuminatum	162 (47.2)
Becomes long-term latent infection or subclinical infection	166 (48.4)
Progresses into a tumor	142 (41.4)
Spontaneous regression	25 (7.3)
Don’t know	145 (42.3)
HPV vaccination for female †
Necessary	313 (91.3)
Not necessary	30 (8.7)
HPV vaccination for male †
Necessary	282 (82.2)
Not necessary	61 (17.8)
HPV vaccines offer protection against related diseases †
Yes	319 (93.0)
No	24 (7.9)
I know the nine-valent HPV vaccine is available in mainland China†
Yes	125 (36.4)
No	218 (63.6)
Know where to get HPV vaccinated †
Yes	101 (29.4)
No	242 (70.6)
The optimal time to get HPV vaccinated †
Before the first sex	220 (64.1)
After the first sex	15 (4.4)
Don’t know	108 (31.5)

* Multiple-choice question.

† Single-choice question.

HPV, Human papillomavirus.

Table 3. Comparison of HPV knowledge, HPV vaccine knowledge and intention to get HPV vaccinated

Variable	HPV knowledge [M(P25, P75)]	Z value	P-value	HPV vaccine-related knowledge [M(P25, P75)]	Z value	P-value	HPV vaccination intention (n)			χ^2 value	P-value
							Yes	No	Having intention
Gender		−3.925	<0.001		−6.192	<0.001				6.515	0.011
Male	2.0(0.0, 5.0)			3.0(3.0, 4.0)			67	34	66.3%
Female	4.0(2.0, 7.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			192	50	79.3%
Major		−7.256	<0.001		−4.621	<0.001				6.935	0.008
Health science	6.0(3.0, 8.0)			4.0(4.0, 5.0)			129	28	82.2%
Non-health science	2.0(0.0, 5.0)			4.0(3.0, 4.0)			130	56	69.9%
Study program Bachelor degree Associate degree	4.0(0.0, 7.0) 5.0(3.0, 8.0)	−2.419	0.016	4.0(3.0, 5.0) 4.0(3.0, 6.0)	−2.472	0.013	216 74	43 10	83.4% 88.1%	1.071	0.301
Grade		15.902	<0.001		17.928	0.001				11.891	0.008
Freshman^(1)	2.5(0.0, 5.0)			4.0(3.0, 4.0)			22	6	78.6%
Sophomore^(2)	2.0(0.0, 5.3)			3.0(3.0, 4.0)			30	20	60.0%
Junior ^(3)	4.0(1.0, 7.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			150	50	75.0%
Senior ^(4)	5.0(2.5, 8.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			57	8	87.7%
Attitude toward having sex among college students		−0.067	0.947		−0.776	0.438				0.784	0.376
Approval	4.0(0.0, 7.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			156	46	77.23%
Disapproval	4.0(0.0, 7.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			103	38	73.05%
Perceived risk of HPV infection		−2.663	0.008		−4.871	<0.001				22.413	<0.001
Yes	5.0(2.0, 9.0)			5.0(4.0, 6.0)			78	4	95.12%
No	4.0(0.0, 7.0)			4.0(3.0, 5.0)			181	80	69.35%

Multiple comparison results: HPV knowledge (3)>(2)**, (3)>(1)**, (4)>(3),(2),(1)**. HPV vaccine knowledge (3)>(2)**, (4)>(2),(3)**. HPV vaccination intention: (3)>(2)*, (4)>(2)**, (4)>(3)*.

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.

HPV, Human papillomavirus; IQR, Inter quartile range.

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of HPV vaccination intention

Variable	B	SE	Waldχ^2	p-Value	OR value	95% CI
Constant	−0.005	1.346	0	0.997	0.995
HPV knowledge	−0.102	0.054	3.590	0.058	0.903	0.821 ~ 1.004
HPV vaccine-related knowledge	0.992	0.158	39.571	<0.001	2.697	1.980 ~ 3.675
Perceived risk of HPV infection	1.896	0.563	11.334	0.001	6.659	2.208 ~ 20.083
Attitude toward sex among college students	−0.081	0.325	0.062	0.803	0.922	0.487 ~ 1.744
Gender	−0.193	0.370	0.272	0.602	0.824	0.399 ~ 1.703
Grade
Freshman year (Ref)			8.045	0.045
Sophomore year	−0.881	0.667	1.741	0.187	0.415	0.112 ~ 1.533
Junior year	−1.682	0.607	7.669	0.006	0.186	0.057 ~ 0.612
Senior year	−1.286	0.531	5.868	0.015	0.276	0.098 ~ 0.782
Major	−0.277	0.375	0.547	0.460	0.758	0.363 ~ 1.581
Study program	−0.294	0.536	0.301	0.583	0.745	0.260 ~ 2.132

HPV, Human papillomavirus; SE, Standard error; OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval.

Nagelkerke’s R² = 0.373.