Conducting a desk review to inform the mental health and psychosocial support response to the 2016 Ecuador earthquake

Figures & data

Figure 1. United States Geological Survey (USGS) “PAGER” Summary for the 16 April 2016 Ecuador Earthquake.

Figure 2. Pacific Disaster Center Map of Ground Shaking Intensity 16 April 2016 Ecuador Earthquake. © Pacific Disaster Center. Reproduced by permission of Pacific Disaster Center. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.

Figure 3. Pacific Disaster Center Map of Earthquake-related Mortality 16 April 2016 Ecuador Earthquake. © Pacific Disaster Center. Reproduced by permission of Pacific Disaster Center. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.

Figure 4. Pacific Disaster Center Map of Earthquake-related Injuries 16 April 2016 Ecuador Earthquake. © Pacific Disaster Center. Reproduced by permission of Pacific Disaster Center. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.

Figure 5. Pacific Disaster Center Map of Earthquake-related Damage to Built Environment 16 April 2016 Ecuador Earthquake. © Pacific Disaster Center. Reproduced by permission of Pacific Disaster Center. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.

Table 1. Idioms of distress.^14,17,19

Idiom	Population	Explanatory model	Symptomatology
Llaqui mancharishca	Quichua	Sudden fright, approaching bad places, malignant spirits	Variety of physical (often infectious disease) and psychological symptoms
Llaqui wairashca	Quichua	Sudden fright, approaching bad places, malignant spirits	Variety of physical (often infectious disease) and psychological symptoms
Llaqui shungu nanay	Quichua	Stressful life events, sorcery	Heart pain, gastrointestinal pain, convulsions
Llaqui rurashca	Quichua	Sorcery, aggression from malignant spirits, contact with materials related to sorcery	Sadness
Mal de aire	Saraguro	Strong winds experienced while walking down a hill; Contact with cold air when leaving a sheltered place; Walking through cemeteries or places where there are hidden treasures	Dizziness, headache, vomiting, stomach pain, general physical deterioration
Mal hecho	Saraguro	Damage inflicted by another person; Envy and jealousy	Personal misfortunes, accidents, death of loved ones, financial losses, depressive symptoms
Nervios	Mestizo, Saraguro, Other indigenous groups	Normative response to daily stressors	Sadness, hopelessness, trembling, nervousness
Shuka/Mal de ojo	Mestizo, Saraguro	Caused by a person directing a forceful gaze toward someone else with (shuka) or without (mal de ojo) maliciousness	Fainting, nervousness, pale face, headache, sadness, behavioral and personality changes
Susto	Mestizo, Saraguro	Produced by unpleasant experiences, accidents, violence, or moments of distress that result in a sustained emotional response	Nervousness, lack of appetite, sleep loss
Vaho de agua	Saraguro	Exposure to water mist (e.g., when crossing a bridge); Being beaten or injured; Recently giving birth	Severe pain in the extremities, wounds, or periodic strokes

Table 2. Agencies and organizations providing mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) during the 2016 Ecuador earthquake.

Agencies and Organizations responding to MHPSS in the 2016 earthquake Ecuador	Acronyms
ACT Alliance	ACT Alliance
Christian Blind Mission	CBM
International Medical Corps	IMC
International Organization for Migration	IOM
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent	IFRC
Ministry of Public Health	MPH
Pan American Health Organization	PAHO
Plan International	No acronym
Save the Children	No acronym
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund	UNICEF
World Vision International	WVI